content stringlengths 1 15.9M |
|---|
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The bending of light due to the presence of structures in its path is one very significant method to study the distribution of matter in the universe. The deflection is independent of the nature of the intervening matter, if it is dark or baryonic, and hence, this phenomenon, r... |
\section{Introduction}
The first detection of a baryon $\Xi^{++}_{cc}$ containing two charm quarks (i.e., having the structure {\it ccu}) has been made at CERN by LHCb collaboration last summer \cite{01}. Its mass was measured to be $3621$ MeV. The existence of such a baryon may be considered is an inevitable conseque... |
\section{Introduction}
In the context of complex networks, the Laplacian formalism can be used to find many useful properties of the underlying graph
\cite{MERRIS1994143, Chung97, benzi, biggs93, MR1324340, Mitrovic2009}.
In particular, the idea of spectral clustering is to extract some important information on the ne... |
\section{Introduction}
In this paper we study numerical integration of smooth functions defined over the $s$-dimensional unit cube.
For an integrable function $f\colon [0,1)^s\to \mathbb{R}$, we denote the integral of $f$ by
\[ I(f) := \int_{[0,1)^s}f(\boldsymbol{x})\, \mathrm{d} \boldsymbol{x}. \]
We approximate $I(f)... |
\section{Introduction.}
In this paper we study the evolution of a classical Newtonian particle moving
in the three-dimensional space, in the field of forces produced by a random
distribution of fixed sources (scatterers). We will assume that the
force field acting over a particle at the position $x$ due to a scattere... |
\section{Introduction}
Two codes $C,D\subseteq{\mathbb F}_q^n$ are said to be $x$-isometric, for $x\in{\mathbb F}_q^n$ if and only if the map $\chi_x:{\mathbb F}_q^n\rightarrow{\mathbb F}_q^n$ given by the component-wise product $\chi_x(v)=x * v$ satisfies
$\chi_x(C)=D$. Then, a sequence of codes $(C^i)_{i={0,\dots,n}... |
\section{Introduction and related work}
\subsection*{Tournament}
A tournament ${\cal T}$ on $n$ vertices is an orientation of the edges of
the complete undirected graph $K_n$. Thus, given a tournament
${\cal T}=(V,A)$, where $V = \{v_i, i\in [n]\}$, for each $i,j \in [n]$,
either $v_iv_j \in A$ or $v_jv_i \in A$. A t... |
\section{Introduction}
The Michaelis-Menten mechanism \cite{michaelismenten} is probably the best known model for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. In this reaction network, a substrate $S$ and an enzyme $E$ combine to form a complex $C$, which degrades back to substrate and enzyme, or to product P and enzyme. In the reve... |
\section{Introduction \label{intro}}
The discrete time quantum walk (QW) was introduced as a quantum version of the classical random walk, whose time evolution are defined by unitary evolutions of amplitudes. The distribution of QW on the one dimensional lattice is different from that of the random walk \cite{Konno2002... |
\section{Introduction}\label{section_abstr}
Assume that an $n$-tuple of positive numbers $L=(l_1,...,l_n)$ is fixed. We associate with it a \textit{flexible polygon}, that is, $n$ rigid bars of lengths $l_i$ connected in a cyclic chain by revolving joints. A \textit{configuration} of $L$ is an $n$-tuple of poi... |
\section{Introduction}
Runaway electrons (RE), thermal electrons accelerated to relativistic energies during the rapid termination of a magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) plasma, pose a threat to ITER if they are not avoided or mitigated before they hit the wall, causing damage to plasma facing components \cite{Hender2... |
\section{Introduction}
Understanding the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) of primeval galaxies is a fundamental challenge of physical cosmology.
The high sensitivity/spatial resolution allowed by current observations have dramatically improved our understanding of the ISM of local and moderate redshift ... |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=.32]{figura}
\caption{(Color on-line) Crystalline structure of ZrSe$_2$ and deficiencies. In a) we show Zr in Se positions b) shows the stacking structure of the compound, in the middle is shown the ZrSe$_6$ octhahedron. This stacking struct... |
\section{Introduction}
The high prevalence and rate of mortality of cardiac diseases have driven the development of methods to gain
quantitative insight into cardiac funtion and, in particular, the function of the left ventricle (LV). Among the
different aspects of LV biomechanics, intracavitary fluid dynamics pla... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{section:Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
With an increasing number of users and things being connected to each
other, not only the overall amount of communication increases, but
also the amount of private and personal information being
transferred. This information needs to be protec... |
\section{Introduction}
\textit{Background}: Transport properties in materials with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are of great interest for potential spintronic applications, especially because of the unique spin-momentum locking (SML) observed in diverse classes of materials such as topological insulator (TI) \cite{Hasan_R... |
\section{Introduction}
A \emph{solvmanifold} is a simply-connected solvable Lie group $\Ss$
endowed with a left-invariant Riemannian metric.
It is called of \emph{real type}, if $\Ss$ is non-abelian and if for each element of its Lie algebra the corresponding adjoint map is either
nilpotent or has an eigen... |
\subsubsection*{Acknowledgments}#1}
\def\keywords#1{\vskip.2in\begin{minipage}[t]{1in}%
{\bf Keywords:}\end{minipage}\begin{minipage}[t]{4in}#1\end{minipage}}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{arydshln}
\RequirePackage{lineno}
\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}
\usepackage{graphics}
\pagenumbering{arab... |
\section{Introduction }
For centuries, it was thought that Euclidean geometry is the only geometric system until the discoveries of hyperbolic geometry that is a non-Euclidean geometry. In 1870, it was shown by Cayley-Klein that there are 9 different geometries in the plane including Euclidean geometry. These geome... |
\section{An Interpretation of DST}
Let
us assume that we know that objects of a population can
be described by an intrinsic attribute X taking
exclusively one of the n discrete values from its
domain $\Xi=\{v_1,v_2,...,v_n\}$ . Let us assume furthermore
that to obtain knowledge of the actual... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
The relationship between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies continues to generate much interests in the literature. Since the discovery of the relationship between the mass of the black holes (M$_{\rm BH}$) and the galaxy luminosity \citep[$L$,][]{1995ARA&A..33..581... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{S:intro}
\subsection*{The general framework}
$\phantom{ab}$
\nopagebreak
Constant Mean Curvature (CMC) (hyper)surfaces in a Riemannian manifold
can be described variationally as critical points of
the induced intrinsic volume (or area in dimension two) functional,
subject to an enclo... |
\section{Introduction}
Despite a wealth of evidences for its existence, the nature of the Dark Matter (DM) composing more than 80\% of the total matter content of our universe remains unknown.
Particle candidates---e.g. from supersymmetric extensions of the standard model of particle physics---are still the most explo... |
\subsection{ISI Grounding Dataset}
We also evaluate our model on the ISI Language Grounding dataset \cite{bisk2016naacl}, which contains human-annotated instructions describing how to arrange blocks identified by numbers and logos. Although it does not contain variable environment maps as in our dataset, it has a lar... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Fluid matter exhibits a remarkable tendency to build up patterns and organized
dynamical structures. Different stages can appear in a fluid system as we depart
further away from equilibrium \citep{G95,K01}: laminar convection ends up developing
turbulence \citep{B82} that produces ... |
\section{Introduction}
Phase imaging plays a crucial role in the fields of optical, X-ray and electron microscopy \cite{optical1,optical2,x-ray,electron}. The phase of biological cells and tissues carries important information about the structure and intrinsic optical properties in microscopic imaging. Although this i... |
\section{Foolbox{} Overview}
\subsection{Structure}
Crafting adversarial examples requires five elements: first, a \textbf{model} that takes an input (e.g. an image) and makes a prediction (e.g. class-probabilities). Second, a \textbf{criterion} that defines what an adversarial is (e.g. misclassification). Third, a \... |
\section{Introduction}
\markboth{\centerline{\it Introduction}}{\centerline{\it D.T.V.~An, J.-C.~Yao,
and N.D.~Yen}} \setcounter{equation}{0}
According to Bryson \cite[p.~27, p.~32]{Bryson}, optimal control had its origins in the calculus of variations in the 17th century. The calculus of variations was developed furth... |
\section{Introduction}
Ammonia molecules are detected in the gas phase of molecular clouds: Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC1-N)
\citep{1968Cheung}, with relatively high abundances 10$^{-7}$-10$^{-8}$ respective to H$_2$ molecules \citep{Hama2013}. Solid NH$_3$ has been detected through infrared absorption in differen... |
\section{Section title}
\section{Introduction}
Computers are more and more present in everyday life, and they often perform tasks that were previously reserved to human beings. In particular, the raise of Artificial Intelligence in recent years showed that many situations of decision-making can be handled by comput... |
\section{Introduction}
Number theorists are often concerned with integer powers, with Fermat's
``last theorem'' and Waring's problem being the two most prominent
examples.
Another classic problem from number theory is the
{\it Nagell-Ljunggren problem}: for which integers
$n, q \geq 2$ does the Diophantine equation... |
\section{Introduction}
Hypernyms are useful in many natural language processing tasks ranging from construction of taxonomies~\cite{Snow:06,panchenko-EtAl:2016:SemEval} to query expansion~\cite{Gong:05} and question answering~\cite{Zhou:13}. Automatic extraction of hypernyms from text has been an active area of resear... |
\section{Introduction}
Randomization-based inference centers around the idea that the treatment assignment mechanism is the only stochastic element in a randomized experiment and thus acts as the basis for conducting statistical inference.\citep{fisher1935design} In general, a central tenet of randomization-based infe... |
\section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction}
Spatial patterns frequently emerge in driven fluids in a variety of contexts, including chemistry, biology, and nonlinear optics~\cite{Cross1993}. Instabilities in these systems can generally be categorized as Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection, Taylor-Couette flow, or parametric ... |
\section{Introduction}
The Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) is a well-motivated construction that addresses the $\mu$ problem of the MSSM through the inclusion of an extra singlet field, $S$, which mixes with the Higgs $SU(2)$ doublets and whose vacuum expectation value after electroweak symmetry ... |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Tests for High-Dimensional Covariance Matrices}\label{test_hd}
Testing covariance matrices is of fundamental importance in multivariate analysis. There has been a long history of study on testing (i) the covariance matrix $\boldsymbol{\Sigma}$ is equal to a give... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
Iterative methods based on projections of the solution onto a Krylov subspace are often used to solve large-scale linear ill-posed problems \cite{RegParamItr,Chung2008,Novati2013,Bazan2010,Hochstenbach2010,projRegGenForm,Gazzola2015}, \cite[Chap. 6]{RankDeff}, \cite[Chap. 6]{Hans... |
\section{Introduction}
The classical Hardy inequality in one space dimension states that
\begin{equation}
\label{Hardy_1D}
\int_0^{\infty} |u'(t)|^p \, dt \ge \( \frac{p-1}{p} \)^p \int_0^{\infty} \frac{|u(t)|^p}{t^p} \, dt
\end{equation}
holds for all $u \in W^{1,p}_0(0, +\infty)$ where $1 < p < \infty$.
Thi... |
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
How disorder and electron correlations shape material properties is a major question of current condensed matter research \cite{Imada1998}. The interest in this problem is many decades old \cite{Wigner1934,Boer1937,Mott1937,Mott1949,Korringa1958,Anderson1958,Edwards1972}, an... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
\emph{Motion planning} is one of the basic tasks in robotics: it requires finding a suitable continuous motion
that transforms (or moves) a robotic device from a given initial position to a desired final position. A motion plan
is usually required to be \emph{robust},... |
\section{Introduction}
Classical novae (CNe) are binary systems \citep{1954PASP...66..230W,1964ApJ...139..457K} with a white dwarf (WD) accreting matter from a non-degenerate companion star (either main-sequence, sub-giant or red giant; see e.g.\ \citealp{2012ApJ...746...61D}). As material builds up on the surface of ... |
\section{Introduction}
Dynamical properties of ultra-cold gases have been enjoying increasing interest since the experimental achievement of the Bose-Einstein condensation in 1995 \cite{bec1,bec2}. Modern experimental methods, including advanced trapping techniques and controlling of mutual interactions, enable experim... |
\section{Introduction}
Following the success of deep learning approaches in the ImageNet competition, there has been a surge of interest in the application of deep models on
many tasks, such as image classification~\cite{Krizhevsky-et-al:2012}, speech recognition~\cite{Hinton-et-al:2012}, ...
Each new coming model pr... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Neural networks (NNs) are powerful approximators, which are built by interleaving linear layers with nonlinear mappings (generally called \emph{activation functions}). The latter step is usually implemented using an element-wise, (sub-)differentiable, and fixed nonlin... |
\section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
Complex systems involving large collections of dynamical elements interacting with each other on complex networks are abundant across several disciplines of sciences and engineering~\cite{albert2002statistical, dorogovtsev2002evolution, boccaletti2006complex, newman2010ne... |
\section{Introduction}
We introduce here the background for this paper. We refer the reader to Helgason's books \cite{Helgason1, Helgason2} as the standard reference on symmetric spaces. Let $G$ be a semisimple Lie group of noncompact type with maximal
compact subgroup $K$, let $\g=\kk\oplus\p$ be a Cartan decomp... |
\section{Introduction}
Self-organization of light and atomic degrees of freedom in laser driven systems of cold atoms with optical feedback has in recent years received considerable attention \cite{ritsch13}. In addition to the longitudinal axis (e.g. of an optical cavity), spatial ordering can also occur in the plane... |
\section{Introduction}
The recent Large Hadron Collider (LHC) discovery of a scalar particle with 125 GeV which is compatible with Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson predicted by Brout-Englert-Higgs symmetry breaking mechanism opens up a gateway to search for physics beyond the SM \cite{Aad:2012tfa, Chatrchyan:2012xdj}. ... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A Markov decision process (MDP)~\cite{Baier2008} is a state-based
Markov model in which a state can perform one of the available action-labeled
transitions after which it ends up in a next state according to a probability
distribution on states. The choice of a transition to... |
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
An ongoing area of research is to
find complete Boolean algebras that witness first failures of distributive laws.
In the late 1960's, Solovay asked the following question:
For which cardinals $\kappa$
is there a complete Boolean algebra $\mathbb{B}$ such that for all... |
\section{Introduction}
Dense 3D surface reconstruction is an important problem in computer vision
which remains challenging in general scenarios. Most existing multiview
reconstruction methods suffer from some common problems such as: {\em (i)} Holes in the
3D model corresponding to homogeneous/reflective/transparent ... |
\section{Supercharges for a supersymmetric closed chain of four interacting Majorana modes}
In this appendix, we present the explicit form of the supercharges in a supersymmetric closed chain of four Majorana modes with nearest-neighbour couplings. The corresponding Hamiltonian is given by
\begin{equation}
H_{eff}=i(... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In this article, all graphs are finite and simple.
We say that a graph $G$ \emph{contains} a graph $H$ if
$H$ is isomorphic to an induced subgraph of $G$, and that $G$ is
\emph{$H$-free} if it does not contain $H$. For a family of graphs ${\cal H}$,
$G$ is \emph{${\cal H}$-fr... |
\section{Introduction and Main Results}
In this paper, we are concerned with upper rate functions,
which are a quantitative expression
of conservativeness,
for a class of symmetric jump processes on ${\mathbb R}^d$.
In particular, we investigate conditions on jumping kernels
such that the corresponding upper rat... |
\section{Introduction}
Our work is motivated by making the following theorems explicit for type A, where the finite Weyl group is the symmetric group, $\mathfrak{S}_n$ and the affine Weyl group is $\tilde{\mathfrak{S}}_n$.
\begin{theorem}{J.L.Waldspurger, 2005} \cite{waldspurger2007remarque}
Let $W$ be a Weyl group ... |
\section{Introduction}
The aim of semi-supervised learning is to improve supervised learners by exploiting potentially large amounts of, typically easier to obtain, unlabeled data \cite{chapelle06b}. Up to now, however, semi-supervised learners have reported mixed results when it comes to such improvements: it is n... |
\section*{supplemental material}
Figures S1 and S2 show the photon energy dependence of the ARPES maps
of the band structure of SnSe. Due to the loss of information about
the electron's perpendicular momentum ($k_{\perp}^{2}$) upon leaving
the surface, its value is estimated using the formula $\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{e}... |
\section{Introduction}
Polling models are queueing models in which a single server, alternatingly,
visits a number of queues in some prescribed order. These models
have been extensively studied in the literature. For example, various
different service disciplines (rules which describe the server's behaviour
while visi... |
\section{Introduction} \label{intro
A set of empirical data with positive values follows a {\em Pareto distribution} if the log-log plot of the values versus rank is approximately a straight line. Pareto distributions are ubiquitous in the social and natural sciences, appearing in a wide range of fields from geology t... |
\section{Introduction}
Qualitatively, pitch angle is fairly easy to determine by eye. This endeavour famously began with the creation of the Hubble--Jeans sequence of galaxies \citep{Jeans:1919,Jeans:1928,Hubble:1926,Hubble:1936}. In modern times, this legacy has been continued on a grand scale by the Galaxy Zoo proje... |
\section{Introduction}
If $A$ is an abelian variety defined over a number field $K$, then we know by the Mordell-Weil Theorem \cite{weil28} that the set of $K$-rational points $A(K)$ is a finitely generated abelian group. Thus, we have
\begin{displaymath}
A(K)\cong A_{tors}(K)\oplus \Z^r,
\end{displaymath}
for a ... |
\section{Introduction}
Production of $b-$quarks in the high energy $pp-$collisions is the
object of an intensive experimental study at the CERN LHC. In the
present paper we focus on a measurements of $b\bar b$ angular and momentum correlations, since
they provide a test of dynamics of hard interactions, which is
highl... |
\section{Introduction}
The problem of inferring the parameters of a stochastic model from data is ubiquitous in the natural and social sciences, and engineering. Many systems, like gene regulatory networks, electric power grids, virus populations, or financial markets have a complex dynamics which is often modelled by... |
\section{Introduction}
In many areas of applied statistics including quality control, chemical experiments, biostatistics, financial analysis and medical research, the coefficient of variation (CV) is commonly used as a measure of dispersion and repeatability of data. It is defined as the ratio of the standard devia... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
What does it mean for a model to be interpretable? From our human perspective, interpretability typically means that the model can be explained, a quality which is imperative in almost all real applications where a human is responsible for consequences of the model. However good a ... |
\section{Introduction}
Near Earth Objects (NEOs) are minor Solar System
bodies whose orbits bring them close to the Earth's
orbit. NEOs are important for both scientific investigations
and planetary defense. Scientifically, NEOs, which
have short dynamical lifetimes in near-Earth space,
act as dynamical and composit... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a hydrodynamic theory of long-range excitations in plasmas (ionised gases) (see e.g. \cite{bellan2008fundamentals,freidberg2014,goedbloed2004principles,goedbloed2010advanced}), which has been applied to systems ranging from the physics of fusion rea... |
\section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors thank anonymous reviewers for their careful reading and a number of valuable comments.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 16H06931 and 16K16011.
\section{Applications}
\label{sec:applications}
In this section, we demonstrate our proposed framework by applying ... |
\section{Introduction}
The process of rupture nucleation in which slowly driven frictional interfaces (faults) spontaneously develop elastodynamically propagating fronts accompanied by rapid slip is of fundamental importance for various fields, with far-reaching implications for earthquake physics. Quantitatively unde... |
\section{Introduction}
Weil heights have an important role in Diophantine geometry, and particular Weil heights with nice properties, called canonical heights, are sometimes very useful. The theory of canonical heights has had deep applications throughout the field of Arithmetic geometry.
Over abelian varieties $A$... |
\section{introduction}
Let $G$ be a finite group and $\mathbb{F}$ be a field of positive characteristic $p$. One of the main tools of studying the $p$-permutation $\mathbb{F} G$-modules via the Brauer construction has been developed by Brou\'{e} in \cite{MBroue}. For a $p$-subgroup $P$ of $G$, there is a bijection betw... |
\section{Introduction}
Factoid Question Answering (QA) aims to extract answers, from an underlying knowledge source, to information seeking questions posed in natural language. Depending on the knowledge source available there are two main approaches for factoid QA. Structured sources, including Knowledge Bases (KBs) s... |
\section{Introduction}
Methanol masers are excellent tracers of high-mass star-formation (e.g. \citealt{walsh03}). Since their discovery \citep{menten91}, 6.7\,GHz methanol masers have been heralded as one of the most important spectral lines in astronomy; each of the transitions of the class~II~CH$_3$OH{} maser family... |
\section{Introduction}
The Skyrme model proposes that baryons are topological solitons in a
field theory of pions \cite{Sk,RZ}. Protons and neutrons are spin-half quantum
states of the basic Skyrmion with unit baryon number, and they combine into
an isospin-half doublet of nucleons \cite{ANW}. The model incorporates ... |
\section*{Abstract}
Hematopoietic stem cells in mammals are known to reside mostly in the bone marrow, but also transitively passage in small numbers in the blood.
Experimental findings have suggested that they exist in a dynamic equilibrium, continuously migrating between these two compartments.
Here we construct an i... |
\section{\label{introduction}Introduction}
Topological insulators (TIs) are a new state of matter that have attracted
a lot of interest within the condensed matter physics community~\cite{kane,hasan,qi,moor,fu,bernevig}.
It is now well established that TIs are promising candidates for future advanced electronic
dev... |
\section{Introduction}
\pagestyle{fancy}
The process that generates the solar magnetic field is called
the \textit{\hbindex{dynamo}}. It is widely believed to depend on
the \textit{tachocline}, the shearing layer between the Sun's radiative inner
core and its convective outer envelope \citeeg{c14}. As stellar masses d... |
\section{Introduction}
Quon language is a 3D picture language that we can apply to simulate mathematical concepts \cite{JLW-Quon}.
It was designed to answer a question in quantum information, where the underling symmetry is the group $\Z_2$ for qubits and $\Z_d$ for qudits.
\textcolor{black}{One can consider the q... |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
Astrophysical observations ranging from the scale of the horizon ($\sim$ 15,000
Mpc) to the typical spacing between galaxies ($\sim$ 1 Mpc) are all consistent
with a Universe that was seeded by a nearly scale-invariant fluctuation spectrum
and that is dominated today by dark energy ($\sim 70 \%$... |
\section{NULL MODELS: reshuffling the sequences}\label{sec:null}
In the main text, in order to check whether the sequences produced by
our ERRW model are correlated, we have compare them to reshuffled
versions of the sequences. More precisely, given a trajectory
$\mathcal{S}$ of visited nodes (concepts), it is poss... |
\section{Introduction}
Intentionally added impurities, i.e., dopants, can completely alter the physical properties of the host material. While in some cases, the additional electrons or holes contributed by the dopants dramatically modify the electronic structure, thereby changing properties like the electrical conduct... |
\section*{Results}
{\bf Qumode Probes.} The use of qumode probes allows for the determination of the eigenvalues of an observable of a system of interest. It further allows one to measure the occupation probabilities of the associated eigenstates for the particular system state. This may be achieved even when there i... |
\section{Introduction}
Hybrid semiconductor/superconductor (S) devices are becoming promising platforms to host topological superconductivity and thus
Majorana zero modes~\cite{Kitaev2001,Fu2008,Sau2010,Oreg2010,Lutchyn2010,Alicea2012}. The technological advances are allowing to perform fundamental studies of some more... |
\section{Introduction and Summary}
Recently new interesting formulation of non-relativistic theories was proposed in \cite{Batlle:2016iel} and further elaborated in
\cite{Gomis:2016zur,Batlle:2017cfa,Kluson:2017ufb,Kluson:2017vwp}
\footnote{For recent very nice proposal of non-relativistic string, see
also \cite{Harma... |
\section{Introduction}
\par Unsupervised learning has long been an intriguing field in artificial intelligence. Human and animal learning is largely unsupervised: we discover the structure of the world mostly by observing it, not by being told the name of every object, which would correspond to supervised learning \... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The development of the computational capacities in the last decades has allowed physicists to use numerical simulations to study physical properties at the atomic scale with the help of statistical physics.
In particular Molecular Dynamics (MD) consists in integrating the... |
\section{Introduction}
As is well known, the efficient generation and manipulation of
spin-polarized current are the crucial elements in the field of spintronics.
\cite{spin} Considerable efforts have been devoted to direct spin-current
injection from ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes into nonmagnetic materials via
... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Autonomous vehicle planning and control
frameworks~\cite{KTINTH15,apex} often follow the hierarchical planning architecture
outlined by Firby~\cite{Firby89} and Gat~\cite{Gat98}.
The key idea here is to separate the complications involved in low-level
hardware control fr... |
\section{Introduction}
The theory of algorithmic randomness \cite{Downey} tries to explain what kind of properties make an individual element of a sample space to appear random. Mostly the theory deals with infinite binary sequences. One of the first works in the field could be attributed to Borel \cite{Borel} with his... |
\section{Introduction}
Performance of conventional receivers (correlator or matched filter), designed for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, deteriorates in harsh environment such as industrial and mining due to impulse nature of noise plus interference
\cite{ding2013first, cheffena2016}.
Impulse noise i... |
\section{Introduction}
The present paper is a continuation of our paper \cite{DaR2} where we have characterised Komatsu spaces of ultradifferentiable functions and ultradistributions on compact manifolds in terms of the eigenfunction expansions related to positive elliptic operators. In particular, these classes incl... |
\section{Introduction}
The Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment \cite{HOM} with two single photons, recently repeated with neutral atoms \cite{AHOM}, manifests the proportionality relation between the visibility of interference and the degree of partial distinguishability due to internal states of bosons \cite{Mand... |
\section{Introduction}
Training a deep neural network (NN) is a highly non-convex optimization problem that we usually solve using convex methods. For each extra layer we
add to the network, the problem becomes more non-convex, i.e. more curvature is added to the error surface, making the optimization harder.
Yet, it i... |
\section{Introduction}
Let $C \subset \Bbb P^2$ be an irreducible plane curve over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p \ge 0$ and let $k(C)$ be its function field.
For a point $P \in \Bbb P^2$, if the function field extension $k(C)/\pi_P^*k(\Bbb P^1)$ induced by the projection $\pi_P$ is Galois,... |
\section{Introduction}
A broad range of many-body nonequilibrium systems have in common that different degrees of freedom within them undergo motion on two, well-separated time-scales, and that the faster degrees of freedom are the only ones directly subject to external driving. Such separation can occur if a faster... |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[th]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.45\linewidth]{figures/teaser_fp}
\enskip
\includegraphics[width=0.45\linewidth]{figures/teaser_bp}
\caption{\normalfont (Left) Forward
projection enables users to: (a) select any data point $\mathbf{x}$, (b)
interactively cha... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Let $\mathbb{H}$ be the upper half plane of $\mathbb{C}$, i.e., the set of complex numbers with positive imaginary part. Let $\Gamma$ denote the full modular group $\textrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$, i.e., the group of 2-by-2 matrices over integers of discriminant~1, and let $j(\tau)$ ... |
\section{Introduction}
In a recent article \cite{p187}, random coding error exponents and expurgated
exponents were analyzed for the generalized likelihood
decoder (GLD), where the decoded message is randomly selected under a
probability distribution
that is proportional to a general exponential function of the empiri... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{section:intro}
Methods from algebraic topology have only recently emerged in the machine learning community, most prominently under the term \emph{topological data analysis (TDA)} \cite{Carlsson09a}. Since TDA enables us to infer relevant topological and geometrical information from data... |
\section{Model for bilayer graphene}
Our low energy four-band Hamiltonian for homogeneous BLG is adopted from Ref.~\onlinecite{Koshino2013ett},
\begin{equation}
\bar{H}=
\begin{bmatrix}
H_{0}^+ & U^\dagger\\
U & H_{0}^-
\end{bmatrix}
\,,
\label{eqn:H}
\end{equation}
with basis $(F_{At}^{K^\xi},F_{Bt}^{K^\xi},F_{Ab}^{K... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.