Question: Which factor will most likely cause a person to develop a fever?
Answer:a bacterial population in the bloodstream


Question: Lichens are symbiotic organisms made of green algae and fungi. What do the green algae supply to the fungi in this symbiotic relationship?
Answer:food


Question: When a switch is used in an electrical circuit, the switch can
Answer:stop and start the flow of current.


Question: Which of the following is an example of an assistive device?
Answer:contact lens


Question: Rocks are classified as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary according to
Answer:how they formed


Question: A chewable calcium carbonate tablet is a common treatment for stomach discomfort. Calcium carbonate is most likely used as this type of medicine because calcium carbonate
Answer:neutralizes digestive acid.


Question: Which two body systems are directly involved in movement?
Answer:muscular and skeletal


Question: Which change in the state of water particles causes the particles to become arranged in a fixed position?
Answer:freezing


Question: Earth's core is primarily composed of which of the following materials?
Answer:iron


Question: Which of the following events during meiosis contributes most to the variation within a species?
Answer:segregation of alleles


Question: Which of the following was probably most important in the formation of dark, fertile soil that is good for farming?
Answer:plant decomposition


Question: When igneous rock is changed into metamorphic rock, which form of energy is this process?
Answer:heat


Question: In humans, the digestion process begins in
Answer:the mouth, with chewing and saliva.


Question: Which of these items contains only a solution?
Answer:a bottle of juice


Question: Many natural rock formations change color over time. In Utah, for example, iron oxidized and formed red, orange, and yellow rock. Which of the following is the cause of this change?
Answer:chemical weathering


Question: A population of small, plant-eating beetles lives in a forest. About half of the beetles are light brown and the others are dark green. If years of drought cause the area to become dry with few trees, what would the beetle population most likely look like after several generations?
Answer:It would be mostly light brown beetles.


Question: A scientist wanting to document a change in a river's flow pattern should observe a river over a period of
Answer:years.


Question: Automobile engines built today are designed to be gas efficient. Gas-efficient engines most likely affect a city by reducing
Answer:air pollution.


Question: A student in an empty classroom shouts, "Hello!" Which best explains what the student hears after the shout?
Answer:a reflection of sound


Question: Which type of energy in gasoline is transformed into mechanical energy in a motorcycle engine?
Answer:chemical


Question: A student standing near a campfire feels warmer as the fire grows. Which process most likely transfers heat from the campfire to the student?
Answer:radiation


Question: In snapdragon plants, red flowers are dominant to white flowers. When red-flowered plants are crossed with white-flowered plants, pink flowers are produced. If a researcher wants to produce plants with only white flowers, what color should the parent plants be?
Answer:both white


Question: Scientists use the term "light year" to describe
Answer:the distance light travels in one year.


Question: Plate movement can form different features on Earth. The movement of tectonic plates can be both a constructive and a destructive force. At which type of plate boundary is new crust formed?
Answer:divergent


Question: Which group of organisms can show significant trait changes in the shortest period of time?
Answer:bacteria


Question: Peach trees have sweet-smelling blossoms and produce rich fruit. What is the main purpose of the flowers of a peach tree?
Answer:to attract bees for pollination


Question: A group of students are researching changes in climate in their region. Which of these would best provide evidence of changes in temperature and rainfall over a period of years?
Answer:tree rings


Question: Which of these would help to prevent infections from occurring in small cuts and scrapes?
Answer:wash the area with warm, soapy water


Question: Which best describes why winds at the beach change direction between day and night?
Answer:because the temperatures over land and over water change


Question: Soil erosion can be best prevented by
Answer:building terraces into the sides of a slope.


Question: Which of the following properties provides the BEST way to identify a mineral?
Answer:hardness


Question: Which sequence represents the order of development for many plants?
Answer:seed develops inside fruit -> seed is dispersed -> seed germinates -> plant grows


Question: When ice cream is left out of a freezer, the ice cream changes from a ___.
Answer:solid to a liquid


Question: Which equipment will best separate a mixture of iron filings and black pepper?
Answer:magnet


Question: Which characteristic is shared by all cells?
Answer:They need energy.


Question: On a small, isolated island, a hurricane destroyed all the trees that produced a large, hard-shelled nut. Which bird population would most likely decrease?
Answer:birds with thick, strong beaks


Question: A cow and a frog have similar bone structures in their forelimbs. Both have phalanges, radius, ulna, and humerus bones. However, the cow and frog are animals with very different life cycles from each other. Which most likely describes why the body structures of these animals are so similar?
Answer:Both descended from a common ancestor.


Question: A cell that is unable to import substances required to process chemical energy is most likely a result of a malfunctioning
Answer:cell membrane.


Question: Which best describes all unicellular organisms?
Answer:Every cell performs all life functions.


Question: When a transverse wave passes from right to left through a medium, what happens to the particles of the medium?
Answer:Particles move back and forth perpendicular to the wave.


Question: Which characteristic below most likely accounts for our limited knowledge of galaxies?
Answer:their great distance from Earth


Question: Decomposers increase the fertility of the soil and prevent dead organisms from building up in the environment. In which way do decomposers make the soil more fertile?
Answer:by adding nitrogen


Question: When oxygen combines with hydrogen, which substance is formed?
Answer:water


Question: When plants undergo photosynthesis, a reaction produces sugar, oxygen, and water. During respiration, stored energy from the products of photosynthesis is converted to usable energy. In what form is the energy stored prior to use in respiration?
Answer:chemical energy


Question: Which of the following is a typical example of a unicellular organism?
Answer:bacteria


Question: Over geologic time, global mean sea level has varied significantly. Which change is most likely responsible for an increase in global mean sea level?
Answer:melting of polar ice caps


Question: Which body system is most responsible for the removal of waste?
Answer:excretory system


Question: In which environment is white fur color an advantage for survival?
Answer:arctic tundra


Question: Which of these will best separate iron filings from sand?
Answer:a magnet


Question: Which of these is the chemical symbol for magnesium?
Answer:Mg


Question: Which of the following is most likely to lead to error in an experiment?
Answer:bias


Question: Which best describes transportation technology?
Answer:a system that is used to move people and products


Question: In a gasoline-powered car, chemical energy from gasoline is transformed to make the car move. The motion of the car is what form of energy?
Answer:mechanical energy


Question: Which characteristic is affected by interactions with the environment?
Answer:weight


Question: Which is the greatest impact humans have had on the carbon cycle?
Answer:burning fossil fuels


Question: The floating arrow on a compass always points towards the
Answer:north.


Question: Which color shirt will reflect the most light on a hot, sunny day?
Answer:white


Question: A 10 g sample of aluminum and a 10 g sample of iron were each heated by 100 joules of energy. The temperature of the aluminum sample rose 11°C, while the temperature of the iron sample increased 23°C. Which statement best accounts for these results?
Answer:The specific heat of iron is less than that of aluminum.


Question: If its food supply in a field decreases, the mouse population in that field will probably
Answer:decrease.


Question: Overuse of soil for farming causes local disruptions of several Earth subsystems. Which of these is a part of the biogeochemical cycle that experiences the most severe local disruption?
Answer:cycling phosphorus into the soil


Question: Which of the following is an example of a physical change but not a chemical change?
Answer:A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night.


Question: While conducting an investigation on refraction, a teacher uses a red laser pointer to show how a beam of light is affected as it passes through several glass objects. The teacher should make sure that the
Answer:beam of light does not travel toward the students.


Question: One student wrote a report about an investigation in which fertilizer was added to tomato plants. Which information from that student's report would most help a second student repeat the investigation?
Answer:the amount of fertilizer added


Question: A student wants to look under a heavy rock. Which simple machine would be BEST to use to lift the rock?
Answer:Lever


Question: Rust is a compound with the formula Fe_{2}O_{3}. Which elements combine to form rust?
Answer:iron and oxygen


Question: The chemical equation below shows a reaction of copper (Cu) with silver nitrate (AgNO_{3}) yielding silver (Ag) and copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO_{3})_{2}) Cu + 2AgNO_{3} -> 2Ag + Cu(NO_{3})_{2} Silver and copper(II) nitrate are called the
Answer:products.


Question: What role does the centromere play in cellular reproduction?
Answer:It is the area of attachment for chromatids.


Question: If 1 kg of the compound toluene melts at -95°C, then 500 g of toluene will
Answer:melt at -95°C.


Question: A calculation based on the chemical energy of gasoline shows that a car should be able to go 100 miles on a gallon of fuel. When the car was driven on a test track, the car only went 25 miles on a gallon of fuel. What accounts for most of the difference?
Answer:the waste heat from the combustion of fuel in the engine


Question: A student wants to find the relationship between the diameter of several plastic disks and the circumference of each disk. Which of these types of graphs should be constructed to determine this relationship?
Answer:line graph


Question: When light is bounced off a mirror, the light is
Answer:reflected.


Question: Which of the following sentences best explains what happens when puddles evaporate?
Answer:The water changes from one form to another.


Question: Plants on hills keep dirt in place during a rain storm. Plant roots grow into the dirt and keep the dirt from moving. Why do roots grow into the dirt?
Answer:to absorb nutrients


Question: In animal skin tissue, cell division is responsible for
Answer:growth and repair


Question: Which process drives most of the ATP synthesis in a chloroplast?
Answer:flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient


Question: Which of the following is most consistent with the modern theory of evolution?
Answer:Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in the environment are able to reproduce.


Question: Felicia investigated whether water color affected how fast the water heated in sunlight. She poured tap water into five beakers and placed food coloring in four out of the five beakers. Felicia then used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the water in each of the beakers. Which of these was used as control in her investigation?
Answer:testing the beaker of uncolored tap water


Question: One process in the formation of sedimentary rocks is when rocks are
Answer:broken up and deposited in layers.


Question: Western coral snakes have a striped color pattern and are poisonous. Arizona mountain king snakes look like western coral snakes but are not poisonous. The color pattern of the Arizona mountain king snake is an example of
Answer:mimicry.


Question: Which plant trait is inherited?
Answer:the shape of its leaves


Question: A student put 200 milliliters (mL) of water into a pot, sets the pot on a burner, and heats the water to boil. When the pot is taken off the burner, it contains only 180 milliliters (mL) of water. What happened to the rest of the water?
Answer:It turned into water vapor.


Question: Howie put his plants under a plant light. What was he helping his plants do by providing light?
Answer:make food


Question: Which lists the diameter of the planets in order from smallest to largest?
Answer:Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth


Question: The aloe plant can absorb a lot of water during a rain shower. The extra water is stored in its leaves. The ability to store water in its leaves is most likely an adaptation to which type of environment?
Answer:one with dry conditions


Question: When stratospheric ozone levels are reduced, the amount of ultraviolet radiation hitting Earth increases. Ozone depletion is most often caused
Answer:when fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere.


Question: Owen tested a physical property of a mineral. He rubbed a mineral sample on a piece of white tile. The mineral left a red mark on the tile. Which of the following physical properties of the mineral was Owen most likely testing?
Answer:streak


Question: Which of these animals has a young form that looks the most like the adult form?
Answer:human


Question: Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?
Answer:metamorphic rock


Question: A student states that plants grow taller when grown in natural light than they do in artificial light. Which method is the best way to determine if the statement is fact or opinion?
Answer:conduct a controlled experiment


Question: Which object is powered by an electrical circuit?
Answer:a flashlight


Question: Which concept supports the endosymbiotic origin of complex, eukaryotic double-membrane structures?
Answer:Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.


Question: Which of these human activities most relies on high-quality soil?
Answer:Growing crops


Question: What is an example of a shelter in an ecosystem?
Answer:a raccoon in a hollow log


Question: Some areas of the world are experiencing more desert-like conditions. This change most favors survival of species with the ability to do which of the following?
Answer:become dormant for long periods


Question: Roger poured water over a pile of sand. Some of the sand washed away. This process is similar to which of the following?
Answer:The erosion of the walls of a canyon


Question: When an earthquake wave passes from the crust to the mantle, the wave
Answer:changes speed.


Question: A student wraps a wire around an iron nail. The student then connects the wire to a battery. The nail attracts another nail and they stick together. What force holds the two nails together?
Answer:magnetic force


Question: Natural processes cause rapid and slow changes to Earth's surface. Which event causes changes to Earth's surface most rapidly?
Answer:an earthquake shaking the ground


Question: Since 1961, Nevada has led the United States in production of which resource?
Answer:gold


Question: A class is testing the effect of exercise on heart rate. The heart rate of two students before exercise is compared to their heart rate after running around a track. Which procedure will most likely help the class correctly compare the results of the two students?
Answer:have the students run for the same amount of time


Question: Which interaction within an ecosystem is characterized by gradual change from one community of organisms to another?
Answer:succession


Question: The continuous changes of a seed to an adult plant that produces seeds is known as a
Answer:life cycle.


Question: When someone plays the flute, sound is produced because the air in the flute is
Answer:vibrating.


Question: Scientists compared Pluto with other objects in the solar system and found that Pluto is smaller than Earth's moon. This finding caused scientists to question whether Pluto is a planet because
Answer:the other planets are much larger than Pluto


Question: When an iron nail wrapped in a copper wire is attached to a circuit, it forms
Answer:an electromagnet.


Question: Which gas accounts for the largest percentage of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
Answer:water vapor


Question: Which human body system attacks viruses and bacteria once they have invaded the body?
Answer:immune


Question: The atoms that make up oxygen gas
Answer:share two covalent bonds.


Question: A student wants to cut a piece of string for a class activity. The length of the string is measured BEST in which units?
Answer:Centimeters


Question: If the atomic mass number of an atom is 35, which statement is most accurate?
Answer:The number of protons does not equal the number of neutrons.


Question: Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?
Answer:decomposers


Question: Roger visited his grandfather who lives on a farm. While he was there, he helped his grandfather move hay out of the barn. As Roger worked in the barn he began sneezing. Which system of the body most likely caused Roger to sneeze?
Answer:immune


Question: Why should plants be included in investigations about the water cycle?
Answer:Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.


Question: Which statement best identifies a basic need of all animals?
Answer:They need to eat.


Question: Which of the following describes an instinctive behavior?
Answer:a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do


Question: Which of these provide the best evidence that life could develop on Mars?
Answer:its ice and organic molecules


Question: The primary reason that plants are important for an ecosystem is because they
Answer:provide energy for consumers.


Question: Energy from the Sun reaches Earth by
Answer:radiation.


Question: Scientists study the current conditions of many solar system objects to gain insight into conditions early in the history of Earth. Which phenomenon most closely models current theories of early Earth?
Answer:hundreds of active volcanoes on Io


Question: Jonathan places a pot of water on a stove. As the water boils, how does the state of the water change?
Answer:from liquid to gas


Question: Animal cells obtain energy by
Answer:absorbing nutrients.


Question: Which illness is associated with a weakened immune system in the body?
Answer:cancer


Question: In the human kidney, urea from the blood is filtered through the glomerular membrane into a nephron. The movement of urea across this membrane occurs without an input of energy. Which factor is the most likely reason urea absorption does not require energy?
Answer:a concentration gradient


Question: The greatest amount of diversity can be found among which type of organism?
Answer:bacteria


Question: Which energy type is common enough in Nevada to make a significant contribution to the renewable energy needs of the state?
Answer:geothermal


Question: Until recently the Grand Canyon was thought to be about 5-6 million years old. Recently a scientist gathered data and wrote a paper for a scientific journal that indicated the canyon is about 17 million years old. Before this new information about the canyon is accepted, which of these needs to occur?
Answer:Many scientists need to evaluate the data.


Question: Which human trait is most likely inherited from a parent?
Answer:height


Question: Foam weather stripping is often placed in the frames of doors and windows in a home. What is the purpose of this weather stripping?
Answer:The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.


Question: The items listed below were found in a science classroom. * a heart made of plastic with many of its parts labeled * clay formed to look like Earth and other planets * a giant plastic plant cell with removable cell parts These items are all examples of
Answer:models


Question: For a technology project, Kyle came up with an idea to build a model bridge. He wants his bridge to span 50 cm and to support a 1 kg object. According to the engineering design process, which of the following should be Kyle's next step?
Answer:research the different designs of bridges


Question: Light travels fastest through which of the following?
Answer:a vacuum


Question: Different systems of the human body perform different functions. Which system takes oxygen from the air to be moved by the circulatory system?
Answer:the respiratory system


Question: A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure?
Answer:a plant's leaves


Question: The Sun appears to move across the sky each day, rising in the east and setting in the west. What causes this apparent motion?
Answer:the rotation of Earth on its axis


Question: What causes a blue block to appear blue in the sunlight?
Answer:Only blue light is reflected by the block.


Question: A student determined the density of different bars of soap. Which should the student most likely do to check the accuracy of the results?
Answer:repeat the experiment


Question: Which method below would be the best way to determine if an egg, plastic foam, a piece of wood, or a candle would float on water?
Answer:observing each object in water


Question: Liam lives in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth and plays in the snow in December. His friend lives in the Southern Hemisphere of Earth and plays at the beach in December. What is the best explanation for why this is possible?
Answer:tilt of Earth on its axis


Question: A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use?
Answer:an electron microscope.


Question: Gold atoms can be identified based on the number of which subatomic particles?
Answer:protons


Question: Which is needed for both boiling and melting to occur?
Answer:heat


Question: Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering?
Answer:Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.


Question: Which of the following is an example of a container that is filled with a pure substance rather than with a mixture?
Answer:a balloon filled with helium


Question: Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion?
Answer:It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.


Question: Which change is most likely caused by a thunderstorm?
Answer:a stream flooding


Question: Which is an example of an organism that has been selectively bred for a particular genetic trait?
Answer:chickens that lay large eggs


Question: Which of these can be described as a system of stars, gases, dust, and other matter that orbits a common center of gravity?
Answer:a galaxy


Question: The Florida Bog Frog (Lithobates okaloosae) inhabits shallow stream overflows in three counties in Florida. With such a small geographic habitat, any change in the frog's environment could cause drastic changes in the population. Which would most likely affect the frog population if acid rain changed the pH of the water?
Answer:Tadpoles would be unable to survive.


Question: Which function do kidneys provide to maintain homeostasis?
Answer:the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood


Question: While running, leg muscles work to move leg bones, and the skin helps to
Answer:regulate body temperature.


Question: Rolanda is growing tomato plants in her garden. She has created a compost pile and has been adding compost around her tomato plants to help fertilize them. Compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to where it can be safely stored, handled, and applied to the environment. On what does Rolanda primarily rely in order for composting to work?
Answer:decomposers


Question: Some students were on a tour exploring the inside of a cave. While the students were in the cave, they realized they heard an echo every time that they spoke. Which most likely caused the echo to occur?
Answer:the reflection of the sound waves


Question: A scientist uses angstrom units to measure the distance between two points. The scientist is most likely measuring the distance between two
Answer:atoms.


Question: Based on the evidence available at the time, early models of the solar system stated that all objects in space orbited Earth. In the 16th century, an astronomer reevaluated the evidence and proposed a model of the solar system that is still in use. What part of this model corrected the mistake in previous solar system models?
Answer:The Sun is at the center of this model.


Question: The hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas. Which activity is most likely to trigger an increase in the levels of insulin circulating in the blood?
Answer:eating


Question: In gym class a student kicks a soccer ball high into the air. As the ball goes upward, which type of energy is increasing?
Answer:potential energy


Question: Which best describes the orbit of the Moon around Earth?
Answer:elliptical with a period of about one month


Question: In any physical or chemical process, what two quantities are always conserved?
Answer:matter and total energy


Question: The nucleus of MOST atoms consists of
Answer:protons and neutrons


Question: The complete removal of decomposers from an ecosystem will have the greatest effect on which of the following?
Answer:the recycling of nutrients


Question: In an accurate diagram of the solar system, which object would be shown closest to Earth?
Answer:the Moon


Question: Typically, sedimentary rocks are formed
Answer:from materials that settle.


Question: Which renewable resource is used with photovoltaic cells to produce electricity?
Answer:solar energy


Question: Which will most likely happen to a solid substance that is heated?
Answer:It will melt.


Question: A scientist observes an unusual activity while studying bacterial cells. Using scientific inquiry to investigate the activity will enable the scientist to
Answer:evaluate different explanations of the behavior.


Question: In order to survive, all organisms must have
Answer:energy


Question: Which observation of a plant supports the inference that photosynthesis can take place?
Answer:a green color


Question: To safely conduct an experiment using chemicals, what should students always do?
Answer:Wear safety goggles.


Question: Infections may be caused by
Answer:microorganisms


Question: Which are two parts of the carbon cycle?
Answer:photosynthesis and respiration


Question: The digestive system breaks food into simple substances that the body can use. What system carries these simple substances from the digestive system to other parts of the body?
Answer:circulatory


Question: A student conducts an experiment using a common but potentially harmful bacteria culture. After working with the bacteria, which is the most important safety practice to follow?
Answer:wash hands and tabletops thoroughly


Question: Which of these environmental changes goes on for months or years?
Answer:drought


Question: Erin placed her shamrock plant in a dark corner. Soon she saw that the leaves had tilted toward her window. What did the plant need most from the window?
Answer:sunlight during the day


Question: Which gravitational pull has the greatest influence on Earth's tides?
Answer:the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon


Question: One key physical process in beach formation is wave action. Sand is deposited on beaches as waves break onto the shoreline and the energy from the wave scatters. Which type of energy is most used by wave action to modify the shape of the beaches?
Answer:mechanical


Question: A student is asked to bring something that feels rough to class. Which would be BEST for him to bring?
Answer:Sandpaper


Question: What tool would be used to examine a fingerprint?
Answer:a hand lens


Question: Which of the following is a mineral?
Answer:diamond


Question: During a rainstorm, leaves wash down a gully on a hillside. The water slows down at the foot of the hill and fans out, depositing the leaves. What geologic structure is formed in a similar way?
Answer:a delta


Question: The change in fur color of the Arctic hare from brown in the summer to white in the winter is an example of
Answer:camouflage.


Question: Which sense is used to tell if there is sugar in a glass of tea?
Answer:Taste


Question: The surface of Earth is covered by a relatively thin layer of water called the
Answer:hydrosphere


Question: All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?
Answer:nucleotides


Question: How does ice change the shape of rocks?
Answer:It breaks the rocks by expanding in openings.


Question: Which property of Earth's interior keeps the innermost part in a solid state?
Answer:extremely high pressure


Question: Diseases that can be transmitted between organisms are
Answer:infectious.


Question: The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another is known as
Answer:heat.


Question: Which part of the body carries out the function of copying DNA?
Answer:cells


Question: The atomic mass of an atom is
Answer:the sum of protons and neutrons.


Question: Different species of carnivorous animals that share the same habitat in an ecosystem may
Answer:compete for food


Question: Which scientist is best known for studying plants and animals?
Answer:Charles Darwin


Question: Green plants get the energy they need to make food from
Answer:sunlight


Question: The movement of soil by wind or water is called
Answer:erosion


Question: Arctic areas are covered with snow and ice for much of the year. Which color rabbits would be safest from foxes there?
Answer:white


Question: The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its
Answer:density.


Question: As the hawk population increases in an ecosystem, the deer mouse population will most likely decrease as a result of
Answer:increase in predators.


Question: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat near Earth's surface. Which of these is a greenhouse gas?
Answer:water vapor


Question: What happens during photosynthesis?
Answer:Plants change light energy into food energy.


Question: Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
Answer:The burning of wood


Question: A baby kit fox grows to become an adult with a mass of over 3.5 kg. What factor will have the greatest influence on this kit fox's survival?
Answer:the conditions of the fox's habitat


Question: Hydrochloric acid is added to a beaker containing a piece of zinc. As a result, zinc chloride is formed and hydrogen gas is released. This is an example of
Answer:a chemical reaction


Question: Which part of a plant produces the seeds?
Answer:flower


Question: Which of the following is found in all living organisms?
Answer:cell


Question: What is the role of decomposers in a food chain?
Answer:They break down dead organic matter.


Question: Copernicus changed the way people viewed the solar system by
Answer:claiming Earth is in orbit about the Sun.


Question: Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum can humans sense without using equipment or technology?
Answer:visible light


Question: The nervous system is composed of cells, tissues, and organs. Which is a cell of the nervous system?
Answer:neuron


Question: A shallow container of salt water is placed in sunlight for a day. Which is the most likely result?
Answer:Only the water will evaporate and the salt will remain in the container.


Question: Which of these will best separate a saltwater solution?
Answer:allowing the water to evaporate


Question: Mrs. Henderson's class has five small, covered boxes. One contains perfume; another contains dried onions. There is also a box of pine needles, a box of lemon pieces, and a box with a paper towel wet with vanilla flavoring. Which should they do to get the best information about what is in each box?
Answer:Smell the boxes.


Question: Which features are physical properties of an iron nail?
Answer:conducts heat, magnetic, solid


Question: Which item would a magnet attract?
Answer:iron nail


Question: Which human activity is most harmful to the natural environment?
Answer:cutting down a rain forest


Question: The process of digestion breaks down proteins into smaller molecules that are used to rebuild other proteins. During digestion, proteins undergo
Answer:chemical changes.


Question: Blood is composed of different cell types that transport nutrients and wastes throughout the body. Because of this, blood is classified as
Answer:a tissue.


Question: What should a student do when a glass beaker shatters during a laboratory experiment?
Answer:Notify the teacher.


Question: An astronomical unit (AU) refers to the distance between
Answer:Earth and the Sun.


Question: An organ pipe produces a musical note same number of nitrogen gas molecules. with a wavelength of 2.72 m. What is the frequency of this note if the speed of sound is 348 m/s?
Answer:128 Hz


Question: Which of the following allows the planets to stay in orbit?
Answer:the Sun's gravity


Question: Which of these involves the formation of a new chemical substance?
Answer:rusting of an iron chain


Question: Water causes weathering when it
Answer:erodes rock in its path.


Question: Which of these statements about nonrenewable resources is true?
Answer:They can take millions of years to form.


Question: Which statement best identifies a living thing that depends on another living thing to survive?
Answer:A moose eats a plant.


Question: A student is playing with a small toy boat on a pond. The student throws a rock in the pond. This creates waves that move the boat toward the shore. The boat moves toward the shore because the waves transfer
Answer:energy.


Question: A geologist finds a layer of shale near the surface from a certain time period. Nearby, the geologist finds the same layer of shale, but it is deeper underground than the first layer. What might have caused the difference in the depth of the shale layer?
Answer:a fault


Question: The pull of gravity on Earth is caused by
Answer:the mass of Earth.


Question: In which type of rock are fossils generally found?
Answer:sedimentary


Question: Structural geologists study rock formations to determine the type of environment in which the rocks formed and the events that shaped the rocks. Paleontologists study fossils found in rock formations. Scientists in both these fields have a common interest in discovering the
Answer:history and processes of Earth.


Question: A simple machine that helps move a flag up a flagpole is
Answer:a pulley


Question: Which cellular structure allows nutrients to pass into cells?
Answer:membrane


Question: An example of a renewable resource is
Answer:wood.


Question: Minerals are formed by which process?
Answer:magma cooling


Question: Which of these best defines the term "pollutant"?
Answer:any substance that is harmful to the environment


Question: The periodic table of the elements is systematically organized according to the
Answer:structure of the atoms of the elements.


Question: Which human body system produces the hormones that regulate growth?
Answer:endocrine


Question: Repeated exposure to extremely loud sounds can reduce hearing ability by direct damage to which structures?
Answer:the sensory neurons in the ears


Question: What does a mirror do to light that causes objects to appear backwards?
Answer:reflects


Question: The formation of the mineral halite is most likely to occur by which process?
Answer:the evaporation of seawater


Question: A student wants to design an experiment regarding the behavior of crickets. Which is the best question to ask to begin the experiment?
Answer:Do crickets chirp more during the day or at night?


Question: Decomposers are organisms that eat and break down dead plant and animal material. Which organism is a decomposer?
Answer:bacteria


Question: An area received six inches of snow during the winter. Before the snow can continue through the water cycle as ground water or runoff, it must first ___.
Answer:melt


Question: New vaccines for diseases are being developed all the time. How do vaccines most likely help people?
Answer:Vaccines help prevent illnesses.


Question: The cell cycle describes the processes that take place as a cell
Answer:forms new cells.


Question: A company that makes fences started using a new material instead of wood. The new material will last longer than wood. What is the most likely benefit of the new material?
Answer:The new material can save money on replacements.


Question: Which best explains how the Appalachian Mountains formed?
Answer:tectonic plates collided


Question: Which is a source of sound?
Answer:a vibration


Question: Which natural material is best for making a table?
Answer:wood that is sturdy


Question: A class is studying textures and collects several samples. Which of these items would the students most likely use magnification to study?
Answer:hair


Question: Over several years, a scientist successfully isolates a species of flower for white color. This year, when the new generation of flowers blooms, one yellow flower is found in the population. Which is the best reason for the appearance of a new flower color within the species?
Answer:genetic mutation


Question: What type of precipitation occurs when raindrops freeze as they fall?
Answer:sleet


Question: In the atomic model that includes a nucleus, the positive charge is
Answer:concentrated in the center of the model.


Question: A student used two long wires to connect a lightbulb to a battery. The student noticed that as soon as the circuit was complete, a nearby compass started to point in a direction other than north. The compass pointed in a different direction because it was reacting to the
Answer:magnetic field produced by the electric current.


Question: The production of sweat is typically a response to an increase in the body's
Answer:temperature.


Question: Which of the following converts electrical energy into motion?
Answer:electric fan


Question: What happens at the boiling point of a substance?
Answer:liquid becomes a gas


Question: How do producers get energy?
Answer:using the sun to make food


Question: In an investigation, a student wants to see how a ball is affected by rolling it over a surface covered with sandpaper. In preparation for the trial, the student makes a list of the possible conditions that could affect the investigation. The student is most likely listing the
Answer:variables.


Question: If two organisms are classified in different orders but are in the same class, which of these statements is true?
Answer:The organisms are in the same phylum.


Question: Why do mountain climbers at high elevations use oxygen tanks to help them breathe?
Answer:The atmosphere is less dense at higher elevations so there is less oxygen available.


Question: The students were told that the net applied force from the engine was the same for each vehicle tested. Based on this information, which vehicle had the greatest acceleration (a = F/m)?
Answer:vehicle 1


Question: Which metric unit is used to describe an object's length?
Answer:centimeter (cm)


Question: Which is a process that occurs during photosynthesis?
Answer:Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.


Question: The work of which scientist serves as the basis for many procedures used in agriculture, such as selective breeding of plants?
Answer:Mendel


Question: A student is investigating which type of soil is best for growing tomato plants from seeds. The student plants four tomato seeds in each of three different containers of soil. Which step of the procedure would help the student get the most reliable results?
Answer:Change only the soil type in each container.


Question: In many caves, rock formations include stalactites and stalagmites. Where does the rock in these formations come from?
Answer:dissolved minerals


Question: A person named Leonardo da Vinci studied many things including animals, geology, clouds, and flight. His study of birds helped him design the first parachute. Everything he saw made him ask how and why. Which human quality most likely made this person want to study many different things?
Answer:curiosity


Question: What is the main reason we can see the Moon?
Answer:The Moon reflects the light from the Sun.


Question: Which of these events have the most influence on regional climate?
Answer:ocean trade winds


Question: If a scientist wants the medical community to revise old information and use new research findings in the treatment of a disease, it would be best to present the information
Answer:at a physicians' conference.


Question: David planted ten corn seeds in sandy soil and ten corn seeds in clay soil. He kept both groups of plants at room temperature, gave them the same amount of water, and placed them all in the same sunny room. Which of the following questions is David most able to answer with his experiment?
Answer:Do corn plants grow better in sandy soil or in clay soil?


Question: Which geologic feature most likely forms when an oceanic tectonic plate is slowly subducted beneath a continental tectonic plate?
Answer:ocean trench


Question: A glacier retreats leaving bare rocks. Lichens begin to live on the rocks. The lichens produce an acid that starts to break down the rocks. How will this process affect the environment?
Answer:It will begin the process of building soil.


Question: During protein synthesis, mRNA is translated into three-base sequences representing amino acids. What signals the ribosome to begin translating the mRNA into a new amino acid sequence?
Answer:a codon


Question: Phobos is one of two large objects that orbit the planet Mars. Because Phobos orbits Mars, Phobos should be classified as which type of body?
Answer:moon


Question: Water at 20°C in an uncovered pan is evaporating very slowly. What could be done to the water to make it evaporate more quickly?
Answer:Heat it.


Question: Which rapid changes are caused by heat from inside Earth?
Answer:volcanoes


Question: Which tool is most responsible for preventing future pandemics of smallpox?
Answer:worldwide vaccination for smallpox


Question: After which event will ecological succession most likely happen?
Answer:a forest fire


Question: Sir Isaac Newton determined that white light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What did he use to discover this phenomenon?
Answer:a prism


Question: Which characteristic is most common among animals living in a cold climate?
Answer:layers of fat


Question: Species are classified based on their characteristics. Which characteristic identifies two organisms as members of one species? The organisms
Answer:can produce fertile offspring.


Question: A student hypothesizes that the amount of water a plant receives will affect how long it grows before reaching maturity. To test this hypothesis, the student will need
Answer:several identical plant seeds.


Question: One example of matter is
Answer:water


Question: If a classroom experiment involves the use of several unidentified chemical solutions, which factor would be most important in maintaining safety during the experiment?
Answer:The classroom would have good ventilation.


Question: Vein deposits of gold and silver are often formed in areas that have experienced which geologic process?
Answer:igneous intrusion


Question: Cells that conduct messages are known as
Answer:nerve cells


Question: The boiling of water results in a physical change in matter from
Answer:liquid to gas.


Question: What do playing a guitar, banging a drum, and dropping a pebble in the water have in common?
Answer:They all cause vibrations.


Question: Which object below is gaining stored energy?
Answer:A rubber band that is being stretched


Question: At room temperature, what state of matter is copper?
Answer:solid


Question: All of the following events occur during prophase in mitosis except
Answer:crossing over.


Question: A seed of a plant sticks to the fur of an animal as it walks by. How has the animal most likely helped the plant?
Answer:by spreading the seed


Question: Which part of a plant is used to absorb sunlight during photosynthesis?
Answer:leaf


Question: You wish to closely observe a small insect. Which tool is the best to use?
Answer:a magnifying glass


Question: The interaction of the skeletal and muscular systems to produce locomotion is coordinated by which human body system?
Answer:nervous


Question: A student flips a coin four times. It lands "heads" up three times. The student concludes that the coin will land "heads" up three times out of four. What will make the conclusion more accurate?
Answer:flipping the coin twenty more times


Question: Which mineral has six-sided transparent crystals that will scratch glass?
Answer:quartz


Question: Which best describes a proton?
Answer:positively charged and part of the nucleus


Question: The difference between the atomic number of an element and the element's atomic mass is the number of
Answer:neutrons.


Question: Which step will most likely ensure that the results of an investigation are valid?
Answer:comparing the results with those of other scientists


Question: What is formed when a sodium atom and chlorine atom react chemically?
Answer:a compound


Question: Which of these is an example of an endothermic process?
Answer:first-aid instant cold pack


Question: The distance from Earth to the Sun is about 150,000,000 km. What abbreviation do scientists use to describe this distance?
Answer:astronomical unit (AU)


Question: In New York State, the longest period of daylight occurs during which month?
Answer:June


Question: Which trait does a puppy inherit from its parents?
Answer:fur color and pattern


Question: Which material is most easily recycled at school?
Answer:notebook paper


Question: Plants make sugars in the presence of sunlight in a process called photosynthesis. What form of carbon do the plants take in for this process?
Answer:carbon dioxide


Question: The sun is a star of average size and brightness. From Earth, the sun appears as a round, yellow object in the daytime sky. At night, we see other stars. They appear as tiny points of light. Why does the sun appear larger than stars that we see at night?
Answer:The sun is closer to Earth than other stars, making the sun appear larger.


Question: A drain cleaner consists of sodium hydroxide and aluminum. When the drain cleaner is added to water, bubbles of hydrogen are produced, and the solution becomes very hot. Which of these best describes what happens to form the bubbles when the cleaner is added to water? F
Answer:chemical reaction


Question: John has diabetes. Which of the following should he be careful about eating or drinking?
Answer:fruit juice


Question: Within a substance, atoms that collide frequently and move independently of one another are most likely in a
Answer:gas.


Question: Which object best reflects light?
Answer:white floor


Question: The gravitational attraction of the Moon causes which effect on Earth?
Answer:ocean tides


Question: A forest was cleared for the building of a resort, but before construction began, secondary succession set in. Which of these describes why secondary succession appeared so rapidly?
Answer:The soil components remained for plants to grow.


Question: Which object is made to reflect light?
Answer:mirror


Question: A car may produce many forms of energy from the fuel it uses. Which indicates that a car does not use fuel with 100% efficiency?
Answer:The car engine gets hot.


Question: After nitrogen becomes part of the lithosphere, what is the next change that nitrogen will undergo?
Answer:fixed by bacteria in the soil


Question: Which of the following would be more likely to pollute a river?
Answer:spreading fertilizer near the river


Question: For two organisms to be classified as the same species, they must produce offspring that are
Answer:fertile.


Question: Which sentence best describes the organization of the heart?
Answer:The heart is an organ made up of different types of tissues, each of which has different types of cells.


Question: Which stage in the reptile life cycle is most like the birth of a lion cub?
Answer:hatching from an egg


Question: What would be the best way to determine the role of squirrels in a forest ecosystem?
Answer:make field observations of squirrels in their natural habitat


Question: Which of the following systems breaks food into nutrients that can be used by the body?
Answer:digestive


Question: Barry collected four different rocks. The rock with the GREATEST mass will feel the ___.
Answer:heaviest


Question: Which of the following is not an inherited trait of humans?
Answer:favorite food


Question: When a person chews, saliva from the mouth mixes with starches in food. These starches begin to turn into sugars. Changing starches into sugars is best described as
Answer:a chemical change.


Question: Which of these renewable resources results in an increase in pollution when used to produce energy?
Answer:biomass


Question: Granite is an igneous rock. Which of these describes what usually happens to granite after it is weathered, broken into small particles, buried deep underground, and compacted?
Answer:The granite becomes a new rock type.


Question: The features below are all present on Earth. Which feature could also be found on the Moon?
Answer:crater


Question: What is the highest temperature that water can reach in a pot on a stove?
Answer:100°C


Question: In 2004 the Hubble space telescope captured images of distant star clusters, each containing about a million stars. These star clusters were most likely part of which structure?
Answer:a galaxy


Question: Where is most of the mass of the atom located?
Answer:in the nucleus


Question: Which situation is the best example of ecological succession?
Answer:One species replaces another species in an ecosystem.


Question: The BEST way to tell the DIFFERENCE between an oak and a maple tree is to compare the
Answer:shape of the leaves.


Question: Which example describes a learned behavior in a dog?
Answer:sitting on command


Question: In a lab investigation, a student notes that two metal blocks have the same mass. Based on this observation, if the two blocks were put on opposite sides of a balance, they would best represent
Answer:balanced forces.


Question: A scientist was investigating why several fish caught from a local stream displayed similar mutations. He found that the water temperature of the stream was elevated since an industrial plant began discharging heated water into the stream. The scientist concluded that increased water temperature during the egg phase led to the mutation in the fish. According to this conclusion, the mutation was caused by
Answer:an environmental condition.


Question: Solar radiation has a part in the water cycle by
Answer:changing water to a vapor.


Question: A student sets a block at the top of a wooden ramp. The student pushes the block. As the block slides down the ramp, it slows down and then comes to a stop. What force causes the block to slow down?
Answer:the force of friction


Question: Which of these explains how a trench can form?
Answer:two oceanic plates converging


Question: Pepsin is an enzyme that acts in the stomach for protein digestion. Which of these is most likely the main role of pepsin in this metabolic reaction?
Answer:to speed up the rate of reaction


Question: Sodium chloride, commonly called "table salt," is made up of sodium and chlorine that have been combined chemically. Which term best describes sodium chloride?
Answer:Compound


Question: Katia was listening to music on the radio. In order for the sound to be produced, the electrical energy must be converted into which type of energy?
Answer:mechanical energy


Question: Studies of snail fossils in Egypt indicate that areas of Egypt that are now desert were once thriving savannahs approximately 130,000 years ago. What does the presence of these fossils indicate about the area of Egypt that was thriving 130,000 years ago?
Answer:There was more humidity in the air.


Question: Which statement identifies an energy source as renewable?
Answer:Wind, because it is always available.


Question: A wet towel will dry when it is left in the Sun. Which process occurs to make this happen?
Answer:evaporation


Question: Otto pushed a toy car across a floor. The car traveled fast across the wood, but it slowed to a stop on the carpet. Which best explains what happened when the car reached the carpet?
Answer:Friction increased.


Question: Eye color is a physical trait. Which statement best explains why a child has a specific eye color?
Answer:Eye color is an inherited trait.


Question: Manganese has an atomic number of 25 and an atomic mass of 55 amu. How many particles are found in its nucleus?
Answer:55


Question: Students researched monkeys at a zoo. They recorded the monkeys' traits and behaviors. This investigation activity is best described as
Answer:observing.


Question: The fur of an arctic fox turns from brown to white as winter approaches. This is an example of
Answer:camouflage


Question: Which is an example of a chemical change?
Answer:a rusting car fender


Question: Which statement is describing climate?
Answer:Last winter was colder than normal.


Question: Scientists have categorized trees based on whether they keep or lose their leaves each year. Another logical way to categorize trees is based on the
Answer:type of fruit that is produced.


Question: Which resource is considered nonrenewable?
Answer:fossil fuels


Question: Sand and iron particles that are similar in size and color are mixed together in a beaker. What would be the best method of separating the particles?
Answer:Use a magnet to separate them.


Question: Which habitat on Earth would probably 28 add the greatest amount of water to the water cycle through evaporation?
Answer:warm ocean


Question: Which of these actions will change a sedimentary rock, such as limestone, into a metamorphic rock, such as marble?
Answer:heat from magma


Question: A loaf of bread is baking in a pan in a 350° F oven. What would cause a burn to a hand the quickest because of its low specific heat?
Answer:the metal pan


Question: A student poured some sugar into a glass of water. After the water was stirred, no solid sugar remained in the glass. Which statement best describes what happened?
Answer:The sugar dissolved in water to form a solution.


Question: The magnitude of the gravitational force between two planets depends on the
Answer:distance between the planets.


Question: The fossils that are found in the oldest layers of sedimentary rock were formed which types of organisms?
Answer:only organisms that lived in the sea


Question: A snail's shell provides the snail with
Answer:protection.


Question: Since green plants make their own food, they are called
Answer:producers


Question: Which metalloid is used in solar cells and computer chips?
Answer:silicon


Question: The best evidence that two land areas were once connected is the discovery that both land masses
Answer:have similar types of rocks and fossils.


Question: Rachel purchased a kit for making a skateboard ramp. Which of the following is most important to have for putting the ramp together?
Answer:a set of instructions for the kit materials


Question: What is the smallest particle of the element gold (Au) that can still be classified as gold?
Answer:atom


Question: Which best describes the function of the small intestine?
Answer:digestion and absorption of food


Question: A forest is flooded when a natural dam breaks, leaving the forest floor under two meters of water. Which animal is most affected by the flooding?
Answer:a rabbit


Question: Which object will most likely be attracted to a magnet?
Answer:metal nail


Question: At what temperature does pure water boil?
Answer:100°C


Question: Animals that eat both plant matter and meat are referred to as
Answer:omnivores.


Question: Corals are animals that live in tropical oceans. Fossils of corals are found in Ohio. What does the presence of coral fossils suggest about how the environment of Ohio has changed over time?
Answer:Ohio was once covered by warm seas.


Question: Alex looked at an electric toothbrush that had a plug with three metal prongs. Why are these prongs made out of metal?
Answer:Metal is a conductor and completes a circuit when you plug it into the outlet.


Question: Where is an igneous rock such as pumice most likely formed?
Answer:near a volcano


Question: Why are many telescopes used far from cities?
Answer:The light from the cities makes it hard to see stars.


Question: Where do plants get energy from to make food?
Answer:sunlight


Question: Which of the following is most likely to cause water to change from one state of matter to another state of matter?
Answer:a change in air temperature


Question: When a soccer player kicks a ball, which two systems work directly with the muscular system?
Answer:nervous and skeletal


Question: Which two activities are carried out by all species of living things?
Answer:grow and reproduce


Question: Which best explains why a person infected with bacteria may have a fever?
Answer:The body is responding to fight off the bacteria.


Question: Most of the concentration of which gas results from the activity of producer organisms?
Answer:oxygen


Question: What is determined by the speed that Earth rotates on its axis?
Answer:the length of a day


Question: The spectrum of visible light can be seen in a rainbow because white light is
Answer:refracted and dispersed.


Question: Kate sees a full moon. About how much time will go by before the next full moon?
Answer:one month


Question: The sediments found in a riverbed are most likely a result of which action on nearby rock?
Answer:weathering


Question: The most common way humans contribute to the extinction of organisms is by
Answer:destruction of habitat.


Question: Which of the following is an example of matter changing state?
Answer:heating a pan of water until the water is all gone


Question: A car runs out of fuel while traveling on a level road and eventually comes to a stop. Which of the following best explains why the car stops?
Answer:Some of the energy of the car was lost to friction.


Question: Which of the following best represents one particular stage in a life cycle?
Answer:a seed sprouting


Question: Which process of the water cycle transports water from plants to clouds?
Answer:transpiration


Question: Sulfur scrubbers are devices installed in coal-fired power plants. Sulfur scrubbers reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide. What environmental problem are sulfur scrubbers most likely trying to address?
Answer:acid rain


Question: Which system of the human body provides protection to most of the major organs?
Answer:skeletal system


Question: A scientist developed a model that described the actions of DNA in the cell nuclei, which helped explain how traits were inherited. Which scientist helped develop this model?
Answer:Watson


Question: Which item is designed to change electrical energy into heat energy?
Answer:Hand dryer


Question: Which characteristic is the best example of an inherited trait?
Answer:eye color


Question: Which correctly arranges three scientific terms-theory, law, and hypothesis-from least to most accepted or tested?
Answer:hypothesis, theory, law


Question: The metal lid on a glass jar is hard to open, so it is held under warm, running water. What causes the jar to open easily after it was held under the water?
Answer:The metal lid expanded under warm water.


Question: A dung beetle is an insect that gathers waste from animals, rolls it into a compact ball, lays eggs in it, and buries it in the soil. This gives the eggs a warm, safe place to hatch and provides a food source for the developing larvae. Which impact does the dung beetle most likely have on its ecosystem?
Answer:It helps return nutrients to the soil.


Question: After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon?
Answer:The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.


Question: What is the relationship between tissues and organs?
Answer:Organs are made from different types of tissues.


Question: What will be the most likely result for some species of animals with the continued burning of rain forests in Africa?
Answer:destruction of their habitats


Question: Earthworms live underground in the soil. As they move through the soil, they create tunnels. The tunnels help improve the soil. Plants grow better in soil that has earthworms. Which statement explains how earthworm tunnels help plants?
Answer:Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil so plant roots can easily grow


Question: Which tools are best used to determine the speed of a turtle as it walks along a path?
Answer:Stopwatch and meter stick


Question: Which tool would a student use to measure wind speed?
Answer:anemometer


Question: Why would explorers use a compass when traveling to unknown lands?
Answer:to locate a direction to travel


Question: Which measurement tool is used to find the volume of a small piece of granite?
Answer:graduated cylinder


Question: What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?
Answer:heat


Question: Which characteristic is most beneficial for an animal living on a snowy mountain?
Answer:thick fur


Question: Which of the following is a property of CO2 gas?
Answer:It is colorless.


Question: Which rapid changes can be caused by storms?
Answer:landslides and flooding


Question: Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
Answer:nails rusting


Question: Which unit of measurement can be used to describe the length of a desk?
Answer:centimeters


Question: The incompleteness of the fossil record results primarily from which phenomenon?
Answer:the rarity with which organic remains are exposed to fossil-forming conditions


Question: A student conducts an investigation. In order to make a valid conclusion, she must
Answer:have a testable hypothesis.


Question: The bonding of oxygen to red blood cells is important to the body because it enables the body to
Answer:perform aerobic respiration in cells.


Question: Some of Earth's water is stored underground in porous rock formations known as aquifers. Which of these could use up groundwater in aquifers?
Answer:excessive pumping from wells


Question: All plants and animals have mechanisms that
Answer:transport nutrients


Question: Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?
Answer:a protractor


Question: All living organisms are dependent on plants because plants
Answer:are producers


Question: Compared to other stars in our galaxy, which is the best description of our Sun?
Answer:average size, average temperature


Question: While studying the relationship between number of trees and amount of atmospheric oxygen, which of the following would be most important to take into account?
Answer:contributions to atmospheric oxygen from sources other than trees


Question: A student is working on a science project display for the school science fair. To best communicate why her conclusions are valid, what should be included on the display?
Answer:a complete write-up of her experimental method and data collected


Question: Which of the following describes asexual reproduction?
Answer:binary fission in an amoeba


Question: Which scientist is known for his genetics experiments with pea plants?
Answer:Gregor Mendel


Question: On a cold, cloudy day, the local weather forecaster predicts that a high-pressure system will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which weather conditions will this system most likely bring to the area?
Answer:sunny


Question: What determines if twins are identical?
Answer:their genes


Question: Which of these processes is a conversion made by solar panels?
Answer:radiant energy to electrical energy


Question: In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant over sepia eyes. A male with red eyes is crossed with a female with sepia eyes producing first generation offspring that all had sepia eyes. What does this indicate about the flies that were crossed?
Answer:The male is heterozygous and the female is homozygous recessive for the trait.


Question: Acid rain caused by industrial pollution greatly reduces the number of trees in a forested region that is home to a particular species of bird. How might this decrease in the number of trees most likely affect this bird population?
Answer:The population will decrease due to lack of resources.


Question: Which of these is the main function of a cell wall?
Answer:To provide support


Question: Which sentence about the periodic table of elements is true?
Answer:Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.


Question: Salt concentration, water temperature, plankton, and the whale shark might all be used in a description of an ocean
Answer:ecosystem.


Question: Rocks can be classified many different ways, including as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. This classification is based on the
Answer:origin of the rocks.


Question: A mountain range has hills around its edges. How are the mountains and hills alike?
Answer:Both are taller than the land around them.


Question: Human muscle cells need nutrients and oxygen during exercise. The human body is able to meet the needs of the muscle cells during exercise by increasing
Answer:circulation.


Question: Phyllis investigated what happened when she added some different substances to water. Which substance can combine with water to form a solution?
Answer:sugar


Question: Fossil fuels are considered a nonrenewable resource because they
Answer:take a long period of time to form.


Question: A student is growing some plants for an experiment. She notices small white spots on the leaves. Which tool should she use to get a better look at the spots?
Answer:hand lens


Question: Why are seals able to live off the coast of Antarctica while frogs, snakes, and panthers are not?
Answer:Seals have fur and blubber.


Question: How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?
Answer:Both are a source of energy.


Question: Traveling in opposite directions, buses A and B are passing each other at the relative speed of 25 km/h, while a passenger on bus A walks toward the back of the bus at the speed of 5 km/h. What is the velocity of the passenger on bus A relative to bus B?
Answer:20 km/h in the direction of bus A


Question: A student drops a ball. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?
Answer:gravity


Question: Hydrogen is located on the left side of the periodic table in the same column as the alkali metals, but it has characteristics of a nonmetal. Which of the following is a physical property of hydrogen?
Answer:Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature.


Question: In an experiment, a scientist named Pavlov rang a bell before he fed his dogs, which made the dogs drool. Soon the dogs would drool when they heard the bell, even if they did not receive any food. What type of response did the dogs exhibit?
Answer:a learned behavior


Question: Which invention will best help people travel quickly to far away places?
Answer:airplane


Question: What is an environmental threat posed by oil and gas acquisition and transport that is not posed by the acquisition and transport of the energy resources uranium, and wood?
Answer:pipeline leaks


Question: Some plant species are more tolerant of acidic soil than others. The tolerant species are favored in areas affected by which consequence of human activity?
Answer:mixing of pollutants with rain


Question: Which resource has the most potential for production of renewable electric energy?
Answer:geothermal


Question: A layer of solid brittle rock comprises the outer 100 kilometers of Earth. This layer, which contains both the crust and the upper mantle, is called the
Answer:lithosphere.


Question: During its lifetime, which object is known to change in brightness, color, and temperature?
Answer:star


Question: What causes a free falling object to accelerate?
Answer:gravity


Question: What is the main source of energy that drives all weather patterns?
Answer:the Sun


Question: What is one factor that contributes to seasons occurring in New York State?
Answer:the tilt of Earth on its axis


Question: Which cell part is correctly paired with its function?
Answer:nucleus-controls cell activities


Question: A meeting of scientists, called a symposium, occurs every year to share recent research about the atmosphere of Earth. This symposium mainly serves which purpose in science?
Answer:to discuss the meaning of new discoveries


Question: A wind turbine primarily uses which type of energy?
Answer:mechanical


Question: A rubber band will make a sound when it is
Answer:vibrated.


Question: What would a warm air mass over the ocean most likely cause?
Answer:rainfall


Question: The Moon is visible to observers on Earth because of
Answer:reflected sunlight


Question: Which illness is always caused by an infection?
Answer:influenza


Question: Jonny climbed an apple tree. How are Jonny and the apple tree similar to each other?
Answer:Both are made of cells.


Question: What are the names of the products in the chemical equation shown below? HCl + NaHCO_{3} -> NaCl + CO_{2} + H_{2}O
Answer:sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water


Question: A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of
Answer:gravity


Question: Timber companies can best manage the number of trees in forests by
Answer:planting trees to replace what they cut down.


Question: The formation of the Himalayan Mountains is one example of land features caused by compressive forces. Which action most likely led to the formation of these mountains?
Answer:colliding plates


Question: What abiotic factor would most likely signal a population of birds that it is time to migrate from north to south?
Answer:decrease in sunlight


Question: A greenhouse is used as a model of the atmosphere. Which of the following cannot be demonstrated by the model?
Answer:changes in greenhouse gases


Question: A light bulb manufacturer claims its light bulb is "twice as bright" per unit of electrical energy consumed as the leading light bulb. If this claim is correct, what factor must be accurately compared between the two bulbs?
Answer:how much heat each bulb releases


Question: In the 17th century, Gregor Mendel crossed pea plants with different traits and observed the results in their offspring. To which of these did Mendel contribute most directly with his work?
Answer:science of heredity and variation


Question: How does the appearance of a constellation change during the night?
Answer:Its position appears to shift relative to the horizon.


Question: The freezing and thawing action of water affects a rock by
Answer:gradually breaking down the rock into smaller pieces.


Question: Delilah put a container of water in the freezer and left it there overnight. The next morning she saw that the water in the container had changed to ice. Which of the following statements best explains why the water changed to ice?
Answer:Heat was taken away from the water.


Question: Earth's rotation (turning on its axis) causes
Answer:day and night.


Question: Which of the following climates has cold winters and hot summers?
Answer:temperate


Question: What form of energy is being used when a person pushes a wooden block across the floor?
Answer:mechanical


Question: Which action is an example of good water management?
Answer:turning off the faucet when brushing teeth


Question: An Earth year is the length of time it takes for
Answer:Earth to revolve once around the Sun


Question: Which land form results when carbonic acid in groundwater seeps through rock and dissolves limestone?
Answer:caverns


Question: Which part of a DNA molecule represents encoded information?
Answer:guanine


Question: Early scientists most likely saw a discharge of electricity for the first time when observing a
Answer:lightning storm


Question: In humans, the amount of sugar in blood is controlled by the release of a hormone called insulin. This process is an example of
Answer:regulation


Question: It is necessary to add a day to the calendar every four years because
Answer:the revolution of Earth is not exactly 365 days.


Question: Which tool would be best to measure the length of a butterfly?
Answer:metric ruler


Question: Scientists invented a liquid that removes grease and keeps the skin soft. How could this discovery most likely be used?
Answer:to improve dish soap


Question: The first step in the water cycle is evaporation. What gives water the energy to evaporate?
Answer:Sun


Question: On a warm sunny afternoon, ocean water splashed onto a rock. A short time later, the rock was dry. Which statement best explains what happened to the water on the rock?
Answer:Heat caused the water to become a gas.


Question: Which is a nonrenewable natural resource that is used to make electrical energy?
Answer:coal


Question: Which process initiates the passage of half of a parent's DNA to offspring?
Answer:meiosis


Question: Which resource provides the minerals plants need to grow?
Answer:soil


Question: At what time on a sunny day will the shadow of the school's flagpole be the shortest?
Answer:noon


Question: Animals get energy for growth and repair from
Answer:food


Question: A flower produces seeds that fall to the ground and grow into new plants that produce more flowers. The seeds begin to grow by the process of
Answer:germination.


Question: A rock has most likely traveled a long distance from its place of origin if it is
Answer:rounded and smooth.


Question: Which of the following best explains why the tectonic plates of Earth move?
Answer:heat convection from the mantle


Question: Over a long period of time, a rocky volcanic island that previously did not support any form of life got transformed into a dense forested region. Which of these species is most likely to have been the pioneer species that initiated this transformation?
Answer:lichens


Question: The formation of coal deposits occurred over millions of years. Which feature was most responsible for these deposits?
Answer:swamps with dense vegetation


Question: A teacher is performing a demonstration about static electricity for his class by rubbing a balloon against a wool sweater. The balloon sticks to the wool sweater. Which particles are exchanged during the demonstration?
Answer:electrons


Question: After a race, a newspaper lists the names of the five fastest runners. Another method that could be used to identify the five fastest runners is to make a chart that shows the
Answer:time it took each runner to run the race.


Question: A scientist plans to investigate the nervous system of sea slugs. What should the scientist do first?
Answer:Review the research other scientists have done on sea slugs.


Question: Natural selection is a mechanism that acts on individuals within a population. Which is a result of the process of natural selection?
Answer:Organisms are better adapted to their environment.


Question: What chemical symbol represents the element iron?
Answer:Fe


Question: A push or a pull on an object is an example of
Answer:force.


Question: Which statement is a description of weather?
Answer:The temperature is 55° F in Winslow today.


Question: Clouds and precipitation moved across western Massachusetts one evening. The temperature changed from 41°F to 28°F. Which of the following changes in precipitation most likely occurred on this evening?
Answer:rain changing to sleet


Question: The human body has an average, normal temperature of about 98.6ºF. To keep the core body temperature from becoming too high, the brain sends a signal to the body to
Answer:increase blood flow to the skin.


Question: Why is water considered to be a renewable resource?
Answer:Water can be used over again.


Question: What is the most prominent land feature formed by the convergence of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates?
Answer:Himalaya Mountains


Question: To which group does an animal belong if it lays eggs and has scales and gills?
Answer:fish


Question: What causes nighttime and daytime on Earth?
Answer:Earth rotating on its axis


Question: Which area is coldest?
Answer:tundra


Question: Which scientist is credited with using a telescope in the seventeenth century to discover the moons of Jupiter?
Answer:Galileo


Question: Which of these is a freshwater reservoir?
Answer:Antarctic polar ice


Question: In eukaryotic organisms, microtubules give cells structure, and microfilaments help the cell contract and move. Together, they combine to perform functions similar to what two human body systems?
Answer:the skeletal and muscular systems


Question: Which kind of rock is produced by deposition and cementation?
Answer:sandstone, a sedimentary rock


Question: Which characteristic is inherited rather than learned?
Answer:having blue eyes


Question: Which biological process in mammals occurs largely due to cell division?
Answer:healing


Question: Frame construction predominates in the New England area due to the abundance of
Answer:wood.


Question: Which of these properties of water helps moderate the weather of coastal areas?
Answer:high specific heat


Question: Birds eat non-camouflaged moths at a higher rate than they eat camouflaged moths. In which situation would birds eat the moths at the slowest rate?
Answer:light moths in a light environment


Question: During which process does a caterpillar become a butterfly?
Answer:metamorphosis


Question: Gregor Mendel cross-pollinated red and white snapdragon flowers. What information indicates that incomplete dominance was achieved?
Answer:The offspring were pink.


Question: What is the major function of the human excretory system?
Answer:eliminate waste materials


Question: Yumiko gave some reasons why kettles and kitchen pans are often made of copper. Which reason is correct?
Answer:Copper is a good conductor of heat.


Question: In most animals, combinations of various tissues make up functional units called
Answer:organs.


Question: How do the spines of a cactus help it survive?
Answer:Spines protect the cactus from animals.


Question: Water enters a plant cell through the
Answer:cell wall.


Question: People are developing electric cars that would replace gasoline-burning cars. One major advantage of the electric car is that it
Answer:causes less pollution.


Question: Which group of organisms would all be found living in a tropical rain forest?
Answer:Vines, palm trees, tree frogs, monkeys


Question: Which SI unit would be most appropriate for recording the length of a typical classroom?
Answer:meter


Question: If two objects are two meters apart, which of these changes will increase the gravitational force between the two objects?
Answer:moving the objects to one meter apart


Question: Which of these cell structures converts nutrients to energy for cell functions?
Answer:mitochondria


Question: Cumulonimbus clouds often form along cold fronts. Which type of weather is most likely to occur along a cold front?
Answer:rain with possible severe thunderstorms


Question: An eagle is a bird that reproduces by laying its eggs in a dry nest. Which animal lays its eggs in a place most similar to the eagle?
Answer:reptile


Question: The chemical formula for water is H_{2}O. What does the formula show about each element in the compound?
Answer:the number of atoms of each element


Question: How far from Earth is an object that is 10 light years from Earth?
Answer:the distance light can travel in 10 years


Question: The oceans most influence global climate by
Answer:releasing heat to the atmosphere.


Question: A science class investigated the percentage of corn kernels that pop in bags of different brands of popcorn. Fifteen students tested three brands of popcorn each and reported their results to the class. Why did the teacher most likely have so many students report the results?
Answer:for more accurate results


Question: The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element is the
Answer:atom.


Question: What is the composition of the nucleus of an atom?
Answer:protons and neutrons


Question: Which of these would best be shown as a 3-D model?
Answer:skeletal system


Question: A root emerges from a seed because of the force of
Answer:water against the seed coat.


Question: Which of these is the BEST reason to study weather?
Answer:To be prepared for storms


Question: A recycling plant manager needs to melt 1500 kg of scrap copper to sell to a wire manufacturer. The copper is at 15°C and its melting point is 1083°C. The copper has a specific heat of 385 J/kg x K. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of the copper to its melting point?
Answer:6.2 x 10^8 J


Question: A decomposer is an organism that
Answer:recycles nutrients


Question: Which type of scientist would study the relationship between simple machines and energy?
Answer:physicist


Question: The seeds of an oak come from the ___.
Answer:fruit


Question: A manufacturer wants to produce a container for food storage that does not break easily and is airtight, inexpensive, and microwave-safe. Which of the following is the best material to use to make the container?
Answer:plastic


Question: When carbon and oxygen combine chemically, the mass of the product is
Answer:equal to the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen


Question: Juvenile diabetes is a disease caused by the body's inability to create insulin. The body's white blood cells attack the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. This type of disease is known as
Answer:an autoimmune disease.


Question: Which of these describes a property of all matter?
Answer:All matter is made of atoms.


Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of all chemical changes?
Answer:A new material is formed.


Question: What is the complementary base of adenine in DNA?
Answer:thymine


Question: What is the density of a 64-g iron cube that displaces 8 mL of water?
Answer:8 g/mL


Question: What keeps Mars in orbit around the Sun?
Answer:gravity


Question: Which material is primarily a mixture of weathered rock and organic matter?
Answer:soil


Question: How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smaller pieces?
Answer:Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.


Question: Which statement best describes the climate of Nevada?
Answer:Humidity is low throughout every summer.


Question: What is the primary function of skin cells?
Answer:to provide a physical barrier to the body


Question: Some plants grow only in specific places in the world. Some cacti, for example, grow only in deserts. Which of the following is most important in determining where a plant can grow and survive?
Answer:climate


Question: A geologist found fossils of horse bones in different rock layers of a canyon. The fossils in the lower levels show shorter bones than those in the upper-level fossils. Which conclusion is based on the geologist's observations?
Answer:Horse's became larger over time.


Question: Which of the following is a reason life in the outermost planets is less likely than life on planets nearer the Sun?
Answer:Their surfaces are extremely cold.


Question: Which statement best explains how periods on the periodic table are organized?
Answer:increasing atomic number from left to right


Question: Nonrenewable sources of energy have limited supplies. Researchers are developing devices that will make renewable energy more available. Which is a source of renewable energy?
Answer:wind


Question: Which of these living things in a grassland ecosystem depend on the presence of a variety of bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil?
Answer:all the organisms in the ecosystem


Question: An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with their physical environment. Why are decomposers an important part of ecosystems?
Answer:They break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil.


Question: Which term identifies a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function?
Answer:tissue


Question: Which of these statements is not considered part of the Big Bang Theory?
Answer:The universe never changes.


Question: Cells in the body use oxygen (O2) for cellular respiration. Which is the result of cellular respiration?
Answer:ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.


Question: Which geologic process is absent from the Gulf Coast states?
Answer:subduction zones


Question: The human body gets the energy it needs for growth and repair directly from
Answer:food


Question: In what type of rock would a geologist most likely find evidence of ancient life?
Answer:sedimentary


Question: During the Apollo 14 moon landing, astronauts played golf on the moon. Which of the following would be less on the moon than on Earth?
Answer:The weight of the golf ball


Question: Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation are all processes which occur in the
Answer:water cycle.


Question: Directions Read the information about wind erosion then answer the question. Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the amount of wind erosion. Which instrument should he use to measure wind speed?
Answer:anemometer


Question: Where does oxygen-rich blood go after leaving the lungs?
Answer:the heart.


Question: Chemical pesticides are sometimes sprayed on crops to kill insects that eat the crops. People have different viewpoints about the use of pesticides on crops. What might be a concern about using pesticides on the crops?
Answer:Will the food harm humans?


Question: The number of fish in a lake suddenly increases. How will the increase most likely affect the lake?
Answer:There will be fewer insects in the lake.


Question: Which statement correctly describes a relationship between two human body systems?
Answer:The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the circulatory system.


Question: Which statement best explains Earth's day and night cycle?
Answer:Earth rotates once each day on its axis.


Question: What is the first thing a student should do if an accident happens during a science experiment?
Answer:report to the teacher


Question: Which of the following helps keep the Moon in its orbit?
Answer:gravity


Question: Which process allows green plants to control the amount of water stored in their leaves?
Answer:transpiration


Question: What is a job of white blood cells?
Answer:fight disease


Question: Which is an example of kinetic energy?
Answer:a ball rolling down a hill


Question: A new mutation that occurs in which type of cell can be passed on to offspring?
Answer:egg cell


Question: When too much salt is detected in the bloodstream, the brain secretes a hormone that helps the body retain water by reducing the amount of urine produced. This is an example of
Answer:a feedback loop.


Question: Which of these is a safe practice in a laboratory investigation when working with chemicals?
Answer:wearing safety goggles when working with chemicals


Question: Which change in the environment would have a negative effect on the survival of a species in an ecosystem?
Answer:introduction of a competing species


Question: An element is identified by
Answer:its number of protons.


Question: Which of these dissolve in water?
Answer:Sugar cubes


Question: What is the main function of a plant stem?
Answer:to carry food and water to the rest of the plant


Question: Naturally occurring variations within a species are mainly the result of mutations and
Answer:sexual reproduction


Question: As a sample of water turns to ice,
Answer:the arrangement of the molecules changes.


Question: An ice cube is placed in a pan. The pan is placed over an open flame. Which change will most likely happen over time?
Answer:The ice changes to a liquid then to a gas.


Question: Byron is investigating how temperature affects mold growth on bread. Before starting his procedure, Byron states in his journal that he thinks wet bread placed in the refrigerator will grow the most mold. Which term best describes Byron's statement?
Answer:hypothesis


Question: The telephone was invented in Boston by
Answer:Alexander Graham Bell.


Question: Which characteristic can an amoeba change that a paramecium cannot change?
Answer:shape


Question: A metal spoon was left in a pot of boiling soup. The cook burned a finger by touching the spoon. Why did the finger get burned?
Answer:The metal spoon conducted heat to the cook's hand.


Question: Light rays are focused by the lens of a camera through the process of
Answer:refraction.


Question: Which of these provides the best evidence that the distribution of Earth's oceans has changed over time?
Answer:marine fossils found on land masses


Question: Which change would have the greatest negative impact on the survival of an owl species?
Answer:an decrease in size of habitat


Question: Which organ removes cell waste from the blood?
Answer:the kidney


Question: According to the Big Bang Theory, how is the universe changing?
Answer:It is expanding.


Question: Light enters the human eye through the
Answer:pupil.


Question: The stages in the life cycle of an organism are shown below. birth -> growth -> development -> reproduction -> death In which life cycle stage will a new organism be made?
Answer:reproduction


Question: Baby chicks peck their way out of their shells when they hatch. This activity is an example of which of the following types of behavior?
Answer:instinctive


Question: Which conclusion can be made about earthworms because they do not have an internal skeleton?
Answer:They are invertebrates.


Question: The smallest unit of a plant that can perform all of the processes of life is the
Answer:cell.


Question: Soda water is a liquid that has bubbles of carbon dioxide in it. Which term best describes soda water?
Answer:a mixture


Question: All stars start forming in the same manner. Some follow the life cycle of the Sun, while others turn into neutron stars or black holes. Which property determines the fate of a star as it develops?
Answer:mass


Question: If a neutral atom loses an electron, what is formed?
Answer:An ion


Question: A student mixed baking soda with vinegar and observed that the reaction was endothermic. When is a reaction endothermic?
Answer:when it requires heat to make it happen


Question: What is the primary energy source that drives all weather events, including precipitation, hurricanes, and tornados?
Answer:the Sun


Question: Which system absorbs and carries food from the digestive system to the rest of the body?
Answer:circulatory system


Question: Why do planets stay in orbit around the Sun?
Answer:attraction of gravity


Question: Earth rotates on its north-south axis. Which statement best describes one complete rotation?
Answer:It takes 24 hours and causes night and day.


Question: A rock sample will most likely contain
Answer:minerals.


Question: A jet plane is moving at a constant velocity on a flat surface. Which forces act against the forward motion of the plane?
Answer:friction and air resistance


Question: Atmospheric greenhouse gases help heat the atmosphere by
Answer:absorbing infrared radiation released by Earth.


Question: Scurvy is a disease that sailors often got on long voyages. It was discovered that scurvy could be prevented by eating oranges and lemons. This suggests that scurvy is a disease caused by
Answer:a nutritional deficiency


Question: Runoff from farms that use fertilizers is entering a small lake. This will most directly affect the lake by causing
Answer:algae to grow in the lake.


Question: Why is protein an important part of a healthy diet?
Answer:It is needed to repair tissue.


Question: An atom will always have
Answer:equal numbers of protons and electrons.


Question: Students on two different school campuses are comparing the growth rate of grass three weeks after fertilizer has been applied. The same fertilizer and the same amount of water are used on both campuses. Which additional variable is most important to control when the results of the two investigations are compared?
Answer:type of grass used


Question: A caterpillar changing into a butterfly is an example of
Answer:metamorphosis.


Question: Some immune cells are actively involved in ingesting, destroying, and presenting invading microbial antigens on their surface to stimulate other cells to produce antibodies. Which of these cells is responsible for initiating such an immune response?
Answer:phagocytes


Question: A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Few eukaryotic cells can divide as quickly. Which of the following statements best explains this difference?
Answer:Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.


Question: Which biological process determines the probability that particular alleles will be found in any given gamete?
Answer:meiosis


Question: When a person speaks into a telephone, sound energy is changed mostly into which form of energy?
Answer:electrical


Question: In the human body, what part of the central nervous system connects with other nerves outside of the central nervous system?
Answer:spinal cord


Question: Photovoltaic cells capture photons of sunlight and transform them directly into electricity. Many of Earth's other energy resources are simply transformed solar energy. Which two energy resources store energy that did not begin as solar energy?
Answer:nuclear and geothermal


Question: What determines how long the Moon takes to complete one cycle of phases?
Answer:the period of revolution of the Moon around Earth


Question: Oxygen reacts with iron to produce rust and with hydrogen to produce water. Which statement describes both reactions?
Answer:New molecules are formed but the same elements exist.


Question: What is the primary job of red blood cells?
Answer:transport oxygen


Question: What kingdom contains organisms that are multicellular, have no chlorophyll, and absorb nutrients from decaying tissue?
Answer:Fungi


Question: A salvage yard contains a mixture of iron, glass, aluminum, and plastic. Which property of iron does the salvage yard take advantage of when separating the iron from the rest of the materials?
Answer:magnetic


Question: While a sailor was out fishing, he got lost at sea. Which object would help him direct the boat back to shore?
Answer:Magnetic compass


Question: Water is a very important part of the physical weathering of rock. Which of these properties of water is most important in causing some of the physical weathering of rock?
Answer:Water expands when it freezes.


Question: A student uses a telescope to view stars at night. The student notices some of the stars are different colors. The color of a star is determined most by its
Answer:temperature.


Question: Which function is performed at similarly structured sites in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer:protein synthesis


Question: Which material is the best natural resource to use for making water-resistant shoes?
Answer:leather


Question: When hunting by humans causes a species to become extinct, this may produce damaging effects throughout the ecosystem of the extinct species. What is the cause of this damage?
Answer:alteration of a food web


Question: Sarah's class is learning about mixtures and solutions. Her teacher writes four statements on the board. Which statement best describes a mixture?
Answer:One substance can be separated from the other.


Question: Which of the following best explains why the Sun appears to move across the sky every day?
Answer:Earth rotates on its axis.


Question: The theory of spontaneous generation was eventually disproved scientifically by
Answer:conducting a controlled experiment.


Question: Discarded electronic devices, such as outdated computers and cell phones, contain materials that can be toxic to the environment. Which statement best explains why humans continue to use these technologies?
Answer:Humans value the benefits of these devices over their cost.


Question: A student crumples up a sheet of paper. Which property of the paper has changed?
Answer:shape


Question: When a plant dies, it often decomposes and becomes part of the soil. This process is one step in which cycle?
Answer:carbon


Question: Which would best aid a scientist in discovering how Earth may have changed over time?
Answer:discovering a fossil of a seashell in a wooded area


Question: Kendall studied the ways in which human body systems work together. He compared the respiratory and circulatory systems. In which way are these two systems similar to each other?
Answer:They both bring oxygen to the body.


Question: A difference between the oceanic crust and the continental crust is that the oceanic crust is
Answer:more dense than the continental crust.


Question: Which of these elements is found in the greatest amount in organisms?
Answer:carbon


Question: After mining removes layers of rock from a hillside, new plants begin to grow in the cracks of the bare rock. The plants beginning to grow are an example of which natural process?
Answer:primary succession in a new habitat


Question: Improvements in farming technology would most likely
Answer:increase the amount of food produced.


Question: In a container, a mixture of water and salt is stirred so that the salt dissolves completely. Sand is added to this solution and allowed to settle to the bottom of the container. If the container is placed on a heat source and the liquid evaporates completely, what will be left in the container?
Answer:Salt and sand will both remain in the container.


Question: Which of the following is formed immediately after fertilization?
Answer:zygote


Question: Which of the following helped lead to the invention of personal computers?
Answer:integrated circuit


Question: Blood absorbs oxygen in the
Answer:lungs.


Question: A student adds sugar, spices, and salt to a bowl of peanuts and stirs them together. What has the student made?
Answer:a mixture