Question: Sherry is going to use her computer to draw a three-dimensional box. She wants to be able to specify the exact dimensions and angles and to rotate the box as needed on the screen. Which of the following types of programs would Sherry most likely use for this purpose?
Answer:computer-aided design program


Question: Scientists who have studied the hydrosphere concluded that about 71% of Earth is covered with water. Which part of the hydrosphere is most often associated with the formation of organic rocks?
Answer:oceans


Question: Which property of proteins best allows them to perform an enormously diverse range of functions?
Answer:the complexity of their folded structure


Question: The mathematical model for calculating speed is shown below. Speed = distance/time. An airplane traveled 700 kilometers in two hours during a trip. What was the average speed of the plane during the trip?
Answer:350 kilometers per hour


Question: What is the best way for a marine scientist to determine the eating habits of sharks?
Answer:Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one year.


Question: A student pushes a wooden block across a sheet of sandpaper. Which characteristic of the block increases?
Answer:temperature


Question: Amanda is learning about different adaptations of animals. Which is an example of a behavioral adaptation?
Answer:migration of songbirds


Question: Which of the following is the best example of a custom-made product?
Answer:artificial leg


Question: Michelle is interested in improving the quality of the soil in her yard. She wants more water and air to penetrate the soil. What should she add to the soil to help her achieve this goal?
Answer:earthworms


Question: Which of these could cause water vapor to condense into rain droplets?
Answer:air rising into colder regions of the atmosphere


Question: The human body processes and eliminates food waste using the organs of the excretory system. Which organelle performs a similar function in humans at the cellular level?
Answer:lysosome


Question: What causes the most soil and rock erosion?
Answer:water


Question: The theory of continental drift states that the land masses called continents were once closer together and have drifted apart over time. Which circumstance is the strongest evidence in support of this theory?
Answer:the similarity of fossils on different continents


Question: Rich beds of marine fossils have been found in Florida. By dating these fossils, scientists can best determine
Answer:the period during which Florida was covered in water.


Question: In the forest, one type of tree produces special seeds. These seeds start to grow only after going through a fire. In the fire, the adult trees are destroyed. Which resources, needed for growth, are now available to the newly growing seeds?
Answer:sunlight and space


Question: Which is an example of a decomposer?
Answer:a mushroom


Question: In the lab, students are working with substances that could cause burns. Which of these safety precautions is most important to follow?
Answer:Eye protection is worn.


Question: Which process moves an ion across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient?
Answer:active transport


Question: Which would most likely be the characteristic of an object with a small volume and large mass?
Answer:high density


Question: Which of these describes a small range in the electromagnetic spectrum?
Answer:light


Question: An idea that the universe originated with an explosion is supported by repeated observations of light from distant galaxies traveling away from Earth. An idea that has been tested repeatedly and is supported by repeated results is most likely a
Answer:theory.


Question: Natural selection cannot occur without
Answer:genetic variation in species.


Question: In which of these investigations would pictures from a camera be most useful?
Answer:studying the growth of plants


Question: Of the examples listed, which event is thought by scientists to have led to the greatest extinction?
Answer:whalers of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries


Question: The human stomach is protected from self-digestion by a layer of
Answer:mucus.


Question: On a field trip, a student holds a frog and reports that it has slippery skin. This is an example of
Answer:an observation


Question: What most likely happens to soil when crops are not rotated from year to year?
Answer:The soil nutrients are depleted.


Question: Materials must pass through a cell's semi-permeable membrane in order for energy to be utilized. This process is called
Answer:diffusion.


Question: What is a decomposer?
Answer:a living thing that breaks down dead organisms


Question: Modern technology has had some positive and negative effects on society. Which would be a negative effect of advances in technology?
Answer:human jobs replaced by more efficient machines


Question: Which of the following allows a cell to become specialized?
Answer:different patterns of gene expression


Question: Which tool would be best to use for counting the number of legs on an ant?
Answer:hand lens


Question: A dragonfly develops through incomplete metamorphosis. Which stages does the dragonfly's life cycle include?
Answer:egg and nymph


Question: When a cold front moves over a land region that has warm, moist air, a transfer of energy occurs. Cold air sinks and pushes warmer air upward. As energy is removed from the air, which change will most likely take place?
Answer:Water in the atmosphere will undergo a phase change.


Question: Which sequence lists the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?
Answer:cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system


Question: Cancer is best described as
Answer:abnormal cell division


Question: To pump blood through the body, the heart must overcome the force of gravity. Which body position would require the least work from the heart?
Answer:lying down


Question: In order to grow two of the exact same plants, a person would reproduce them asexually because the
Answer:offspring would be genetically identical.


Question: In flowering plants, what structure containing DNA is transported from one plant to another?
Answer:pollen


Question: Several interchangeable parts are used in the manufacture of automobiles. Some examples of these parts are batteries, windshield wiper blades, spark plugs, and tires. Which of the following is an advantage of interchangeable parts over non-interchangeable parts on automobiles?
Answer:Interchangeable parts can fit many kinds of automobiles.


Question: Which of the following represents a chemical reaction?
Answer:a cake baking in an oven.


Question: When a hammer strikes a nail, the nail
Answer:exerts an equal and opposite force back on the hammer.


Question: Which of these natural events occurs at time intervals that are the most regular?
Answer:high tides and low tides


Question: A student combined rice cereal with melted marshmallows. Which best describes what the student made?
Answer:a mixture


Question: Brittany pedaled her bicycle quickly on a level surface. When she stopped pedaling and coasted, the bicycle slowed and came to a stop. What happened to the energy of the moving bicycle as it coasted to a stop?
Answer:It was transferred to heat due to friction.


Question: Homes that are built to be environmentally friendly because they use energy more efficiently than other homes are called "green" homes. "Green" homes often have reflective roofs and walls made of recycled materials. The windows in these energy-saving homes are double-paned, meaning each window has two pieces of glass. Double-paned windows have a layer of air between the window panes. This layer is a barrier against extreme temperatures and saves energy. A solar panel on a "green" home uses
Answer:a renewable energy source


Question: Which process occurs when rocks and soil slide down a mountain?
Answer:erosion


Question: Tony is studying ladybugs in a garden. Which of these would BEST help Tony to count the spots on a ladybug?
Answer:Magnifying glass


Question: Which is a physical property of an apple?
Answer:what color it is


Question: Repeated pesticide use on an insect population can result in some of the insects becoming resistant to that pesticide over time. Which process is responsible for the pesticides no longer being effective on the insects?
Answer:natural selection


Question: A boy pulls a sweater off over his head. His hair is attracted to the sweater due to
Answer:an electrical charge


Question: In some communities, forests are cleared through burning, and the deforested land is used for farming. Which of these is a negative consequence of this practice?
Answer:decreased plant and animal diversity


Question: Some plant cells are coated in a waxy layer that prevents water loss. This specialization is found in which plant cells?
Answer:cells on the plant surface


Question: Scientists recorded the hourly temperature at a weather station for the month of July and want to quickly measure a trend over time in temperature changes. Which of these formats would be the most appropriate representation of the temperature data to quickly measure any trend?
Answer:line graph


Question: A factory in Japan had been dumping mercury into Minamata Bay. Certain microorganisms in the water were able to change the mercury into a form that the plankton could use. Which most likely happened next?
Answer:The mercury passed through the food chain.


Question: Students conducted an investigation with green bananas. They hypothesized that an onion placed near a banana could increase the rate at which the banana ripened. They placed one onion and one banana in each of three containers. In a fourth container they placed a banana, but no onion. Which statement best explains why the onion was left out of the fourth container?
Answer:The container without the onion is the control.


Question: When cold weather freezes water in the cracks of rocks, which would most likely happen?
Answer:The rocks would break into smaller pieces.


Question: What would best regulate the temperature of an overheated body?
Answer:a dilation of blood vessels in the skin


Question: The surface of Earth is constantly changing. Which of these findings provides the best evidence that the crustal surface of Earth has changed over time?
Answer:Marine fossils are found in mountain areas.


Question: Solar radiation is a combination of light with different wavelengths. Which type of ray can harm human skin the most?
Answer:ultraviolet


Question: Water is often put through a treatment system before it is used in homes as drinking water. Which is the most likely reason water is treated before people drink it?
Answer:to remove harmful substances


Question: How can plants most likely improve air quality?
Answer:by producing oxygen


Question: A condition in bees called "colony collapse disorder" occurs when worker bees leave the hive to collect nectar and never return. How would a decline in the bee population most likely affect a farm ecosystem?
Answer:There would be a decline in fruit production.


Question: How are animals that prey on other animals classified?
Answer:carnivores


Question: Which process will separate the sugar from a mixture of sugar and water?
Answer:Evaporating the water


Question: Which movement of carbon between reservoirs takes the longest to achieve?
Answer:from plant tissues to coal in the crust


Question: Which types of objects are most easily seen by the human eye?
Answer:objects that reflect most of the light that strikes them


Question: Planting legumes in order to add nitrogen to soil most likely causes
Answer:an enrichment in the fertility of the soil.


Question: Earth is about 81 times more massive than the Moon. How will the mass and weight of a rocket on the Moon compare to its mass and weight on Earth?
Answer:The mass will be the same, but its weight will be less on the Moon.


Question: Louis Pasteur discovered a process that allows milk to be stored in sealed containers for long periods of time without spoiling. The process, called pasteurization, involves heating the milk before placing it in the sealed containers.Which is the best explanation of how pasteurization works?
Answer:Heat killed microorganisms that could cause spoiling.


Question: Which characteristic would best help a land animal survive in a cold Arctic climate?
Answer:thick fur


Question: What is the most reasonable explanation for why a toy car rolls farther on a wood floor than on a thick carpet?
Answer:The carpet has more resistance.


Question: What part of the scientific method involves measuring the growth of a plant over a one-month period?
Answer:observation


Question: Which statement on a toothpaste package best supports the claim of fighting cavities?
Answer:certified by the American Dental Association


Question: Which is a chemical compound?
Answer:sodium chloride


Question: Which of these human activities in a forest has a positive effect on the ecosystem?
Answer:Planting new trees where old ones were cut down


Question: Which is an example of water condensing?
Answer:Dew forming on plants during a cold night


Question: Gregor Mendel studied ratios related to traits passed from parent pea plants to offspring pea plants. Mendel used large numbers of plants to avoid "sampling error." This changed the way scientists studied genetics because it included ideas of
Answer:mathematics and probability.


Question: What season is the Northern Hemisphere experiencing when it is tilted directly toward the Sun?
Answer:summer


Question: Which species have been on the Earth for the shortest amount of time?
Answer:Humans


Question: Which tool should be used to compare the growth of an algal colony growing in a petri dish?
Answer:a hand lens


Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. How do the elements magnesium (Mg) and fluorine (F2) produce the compound magnesium fluoride (MgF2)?
Answer:by chemically combining


Question: Male barn swallow birds with symmetrically-shaped wings find mates more quickly than males with asymmetrical wing shapes. Which statement best explains the significance of symmetry in the barn swallow population?
Answer:Symmetrical wings are attractive to females.


Question: Which of the following would be most useful for calculating the density of a rock sample?
Answer:graduated cylinder and balance


Question: Which object in our solar system reflects light and is a satellite that orbits around one planet?
Answer:the Moon


Question: Students stir salt, sand, sawdust, and seashells into a jar filled with water. Which of the materials will form a solution?
Answer:salt and water


Question: Which scale is used to report the intensity of an earthquake?
Answer:Modified Mercalli Scale


Question: What is the outermost structure in a plant cell?
Answer:cell wall


Question: The main source of food for a coyote population in one area is mice. Which is most likely to happen to these coyotes if a new predator begins eating the mice?
Answer:There will be fewer coyotes.


Question: The best example of heat transfer by convection is when
Answer:heat rises in a chimney.


Question: A worker needs to load a heavy box onto a truck. The worker uses a ramp to move the box because the ramp
Answer:reduces the amount of force applied to the box.


Question: A fox grows thicker fur as a season changes. This adaptation helps the fox to
Answer:keep warmer


Question: What is the main source of raw material for the production of plastics?
Answer:petroleum


Question: The students in an engineering class built a robot that stacks wooden blocks. A built-in computer controls the movement of the robot. The computer in the robot performs a function most similar to which part of the human body?
Answer:brain


Question: When sugar is heated on a hot plate, it turns into a liquid. When the liquid sugar is cooled, a hard-crystalline substance is formed. This model best demonstrates the formation of
Answer:igneous rocks.


Question: Which distance is the smallest for which it is most practical to use the light-year as a unit of measurement?
Answer:the distance between the Sun and the center of the Milky Way


Question: Which of the following devices relies on electromagnetic radiation in the radio wave region of the spectrum for operation?
Answer:cellular telephone


Question: When a tree suffers from a decreased ability to transport materials within the phloem, what is directly impacted?
Answer:flow of necessary nutrients


Question: Strontium, barium, and radium are grouped together on the Periodic Table of the Elements because they all have
Answer:similar electron configurations.


Question: An example of a poor health habit is
Answer:eating candy instead of lunch


Question: What type of inheritance controls blood types in humans?
Answer:multiple alleles


Question: Minerals can be identified using hardness, streak, and cleavage because
Answer:minerals have different recognizable properties.


Question: What is the process that produces energy in the Sun for billions of years?
Answer:fusion


Question: Which statement is an opinion?
Answer:Life Science is a subject filled with interesting information.


Question: Decomposers are organisms that obtain their food from dead organisms. Which of these would be classified as decomposers?
Answer:bacteria, fungi


Question: DNA molecules contain the genetic information that determines the characteristics of a living organism. How do DNA molecules express the genetic information they contain?
Answer:by directing the process of protein synthesis


Question: Fossil fuels were formed from
Answer:the remains of living things


Question: Which of the following remains constant in Earth's carbon cycle?
Answer:the total mass of available carbon


Question: Which invention has technology that helps people keep food fresh for a long period of time?
Answer:refrigerator


Question: A student is designing a model of the solar system and writing a report. She is trying to be as accurate as possible. Which statement should she include in her report?
Answer:The orbit of Mars is similar to the orbit of Saturn.


Question: Stacey picks apples and puts them in a basket. When she puts her basket on a scale, the scale reads two kilograms (kg). What property is Stacey measuring?
Answer:weight


Question: Which feature is a physical property of copper?
Answer:conducts electricity


Question: Which term describes Earth's orbit around the Sun?
Answer:revolution


Question: How do the waxy stem covering and needle-shaped leaves improve the ability of a cactus to survive in the desert?
Answer:They reduce the loss of water from the plant to the air.


Question: Which characteristic of a cell membrane allows it to control materials entering and leaving a cell?
Answer:A cell membrane is semipermeable.


Question: Which statement about all living organisms is true?
Answer:They have at least one cell.


Question: The length of daylight changes as the seasons change during the year. What causes these changes in daylight?
Answer:Earth's tilt on its axis


Question: The populations of black rhinoceroses have been impacted by human interactions to the point of being endangered. Which interaction best explains why the black rhino is now endangered?
Answer:over hunting


Question: A student had a cup of ice while working outside. After a while, the ice melted because the Sun emits energy in the form of light and
Answer:heat.


Question: What characteristic of viruses distinguishes them from cells?
Answer:They lack an independent metabolism.


Question: The energy required to lift an object is supplied by ATP derived from the breakdown of molecules of
Answer:glucose.


Question: Living cells synthesize long chains of amino acids called proteins. Which substance provides the information needed to correctly sequence the amino acids during protein synthesis?
Answer:DNA


Question: Which of these makes it possible for hurricanes to form?
Answer:water temperature


Question: Most types of cacti survive the dry conditions of a desert because they hold water in their stems. This is an example of
Answer:an adaptation.


Question: High-altitude cirrus clouds are primarily formed from which substance?
Answer:solid ice crystals


Question: During a lab investigation a scientist heats a solid substance. The scientist observes that the solid has two different melting points. The scientist is able to separate the two resulting liquids. Which statement best classifies the original solid substance?
Answer:It was a mixture.


Question: Over a long period of time, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees to fertilize their seeds. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that
Answer:have always attracted many other insects as well as honey bees.


Question: Which landforms are most like hills but are much taller?
Answer:mountains


Question: What is the basic unit of life?
Answer:cell


Question: About how many Earth days does it take the Moon to travel around Earth?
Answer:27


Question: Students studying the atmosphere want to display the percentage of each greenhouse gas as compared to the total amount of greenhouse gases found in the atmosphere. Which representation would be most appropriate for displaying these percentages?
Answer:pie chart


Question: The Himalayan Mountain chain is the youngest and tallest mountain chain on Earth. Which phenomenon contributed most to this area of continental buildup?
Answer:convergence of continental plates


Question: A large cold front is moving past the school on a hot, humid summer day. Which best describes the type of weather as the cold front passes by?
Answer:A thunderstorm


Question: Growth and repair in multicellular organisms are the result of
Answer:cell division


Question: A girl signals her friend by shining a flashlight on a mirror. Her friend can see the signal because
Answer:light energy can be reflected from one object to another


Question: If a wooded area is cleared and corn is planted, what will MOST likely happen?
Answer:Animal habitats will be destroyed.


Question: Warm water contains less dissolved oxygen than colder water. Which population will be most affected by a long period of hot, dry days?
Answer:fish in ponds


Question: Which of the following is most responsible for the decay of dead organisms?
Answer:microorganisms


Question: When a book is dropped onto a wooden desk, the molecules in the wood begin to vibrate from the force of the book. Which of these is produced by the vibrations?
Answer:sound waves


Question: In 1976, the Viking I Lander was sent to Mars to analyze atmospheric gases and soil samples. The Viking I Lander was most likely a
Answer:space probe.


Question: Which action forms a different chemical substance?
Answer:burning a piece of wood


Question: Why do dogs have most of the characteristics of their parents?
Answer:They inherit them from their parents.


Question: Which describes a specific characteristic necessary for survival in the desert?
Answer:conserving water


Question: Frogs lay eggs that develop into tadpoles and then into adult frogs. This sequence of changes is an example of how living things
Answer:go through a life cycle


Question: Quartz and feldspar are two common minerals. When they are found mixed together in nature they form
Answer:rocks.


Question: Atoms of which of these elements are part of many organic molecules?
Answer:oxygen


Question: Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
Answer:metal fork


Question: An element with which property would be best to use in electrical wiring?
Answer:conductor


Question: A large rock breaks into small pieces within 10 years. Which process is most likely responsible for breaking the large rock into small pieces within 10 years?
Answer:water repeatedly freezing and thawing in a crack


Question: Paco throws a ball. What force pulls the ball down toward the ground?
Answer:gravity


Question: Which is a unit of measure for length?
Answer:meters


Question: Movement of Earth's crust along plate boundaries produces
Answer:earthquakes


Question: The praying mantis is well camouflaged in its natural habitat. What is a benefit of this adaptation?
Answer:It reduces the risk of being eaten by a predator.


Question: The Greek philosopher Aristotle described matter with the phrase "unable to be divided." The modern concept that grew from Aristotle's idea is the
Answer:atom.


Question: Paleontologists often find and study the remains of ancient plants and animals. When the remains of ancient plants and animals are covered by layers of sediment over time, the remains
Answer:become a fossil


Question: What are the basic structural units of living organisms?
Answer:cells


Question: A student is visiting a local limestone quarry and finds fossils of seashells. The quarry is located hundreds of miles from the ocean. The fossils best indicate that
Answer:this area was once below sea level.


Question: What happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day?
Answer:increase in length


Question: Jake is testing how light affects plant growth. He grows two plants in identical pots with the same amount of water and fertilizer. Jake grows one of the plants in the sun, and the other in the shade. Which part of Jake's process indicates that there is a control for this investigation?
Answer:He is growing one plant out of the sun.


Question: Which stage of a frog's life cycle can be compared to a plant seed growing into a new plant?
Answer:when frog eggs hatch into tadpoles


Question: Which of these elements is likely to be found in an organic compound?
Answer:hydrogen


Question: What statement describes what happens to the carbon dioxide waste produced by a developing baby during pregnancy?
Answer:It is carried by the umbilical cord to the placenta and then to the mother's blood.


Question: Which part of the atom has a negative charge?
Answer:electron


Question: Which is a learned behavior?
Answer:A chimpanzee digs for termites with a stick.


Question: Organisms that reproduce asexually generally have offspring that are
Answer:genetically identical.


Question: Crows are found throughout many parts of the world. They are black birds with excellent hearing. In the wild they live for six to seven years. Some crows in Japan open hard-shelled nuts by dropping them in front of moving cars. Which of these is a learned behavior?
Answer:Dropping nuts in front of cars


Question: Which object would best help a student determine if a block of an unknown material is magnetic?
Answer:paper clip


Question: About how much of Earth's surface is covered by oceans?
Answer:about 70%


Question: Sound will not travel in a
Answer:vacuum


Question: What supplies most of the energy that plants need to make food?
Answer:sunlight


Question: Which of the following is the main role of flowers found on most flowering plants?
Answer:to produce seeds


Question: Which adaptation will warn predators not to eat an animal?
Answer:bright colors


Question: The cones of a jack pine tree require great amounts of heat to release their seeds. When are jack pine tree seeds most likely released?
Answer:after a fire


Question: When a thin slice from an onion is viewed through a microscope, lots of little box-like shapes are seen. These shapes are most likely
Answer:cells.


Question: Which is an example of substances reacting chemically?
Answer:iron and oxygen forming rust


Question: An object's hardness, taste, and texture are examples of
Answer:properties


Question: Some objects conduct electricity. Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
Answer:a metal fork


Question: Which of the following eras is known as the "Age of Mammals"?
Answer:Cenozoic


Question: In Alaska, there are fewer hours of daylight in the winter than in the summer. Which statement best explains why this difference occurs?
Answer:The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun in the winter.


Question: Most of Earth's major earthquakes are caused by
Answer:faulting of rock in Earth's crust


Question: A girl with long hair is going to be participating in an experiment that uses an alcohol burner for an energy source. What is the best thing for her to do to prepare for this experiment?
Answer:tie her hair back away from her face


Question: Which factor would have the greatest influence on the southern migration of animals living in the Northern Hemisphere?
Answer:cold air temperatures


Question: What carries oxygen throughout the body?
Answer:red blood cells


Question: Which is the best example of an inherited behavior?
Answer:a cat clawing on a tree to sharpen its claws


Question: What do all animals need in order to survive?
Answer:water, air, and food


Question: Estella spilled tomato sauce on her shirt. When she washed her shirt, she noticed that the detergent she used contained enzymes. Enzymes are added to detergents to break down proteins from food and other substances that may stain clothing. Which would most likely inhibit the ability of the enzymes to remove the stain on her shirt?
Answer:the temperature of the water


Question: Which of the following best describes an atom?
Answer:a core of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons


Question: At a weightlifting competition, two competitors lifted the same weight to the same height. The second competitor accomplished the lift 2 seconds faster than the first competitor. This demonstrated that the second competitor had more
Answer:power than the first.


Question: The fur color of a bear varies with its environment. Polar bears found in the Arctic have white fur, while black bears found in Pennsylvania have dark fur. Which best describes the variation of fur color amongst the bear species?
Answer:structural adaptation


Question: A car has a small gasoline engine combined with a battery-powered electric motor. When the car stops at a red light, the gasoline engine stops running and the electric motor begins working. How does this type of car most likely benefit people?
Answer:uses less gasoline


Question: Increased populations can lead to the depletion of locally available resources. Compared to other communities, which of these locally available resources is most likely to be depleted in desert communities?
Answer:water


Question: Where is the first place a scientist should present new research data about the structure of a galaxy in order to receive the most appropriate review of the research?
Answer:a peer-reviewed science journal


Question: Which action most likely causes large rocks to become smaller pieces of rock?
Answer:weathering by wind and water


Question: European starlings are birds that take over the nests of other birds. When they move into an area, starlings reproduce quickly. Taking over the nests of other birds most likely increases the number of starlings by helping them to do what?
Answer:compete for resources


Question: Many bacteria are decomposer organisms. Which of the following statements best describes how these bacteria help make soil more fertile?
Answer:The bacteria break down plant and animal matter.


Question: In Rutherford's experiment, what caused some high-energy particles to bounce off the metal, while most pass straight through?
Answer:positive charges


Question: Jenny's class made an instrument to measure air pressure. The instrument is a
Answer:barometer.


Question: Condensation in the water cycle can best be described as the result of water vapor
Answer:rising into the atmosphere, cooling and changing into a liquid form.


Question: New carpet is being measured for a room that is 5.5 m by 4.6 m. On a measuring tape, what is the smallest unit that is necessary to measure the room accurately for the carpet?
Answer:centimeters


Question: How does an ecosystem benefit when leaves fall from a tree and decompose on the soil?
Answer:Nutrients are released into the soil.


Question: Which of the following gases do plants use in photosynthesis?
Answer:carbon dioxide


Question: During an ice age, enormous ice sheets called glaciers increase in size on Earth's surface, resulting in decreased ocean depths. Due to global cooling, the water cycle is disrupted between which two stages to cause an increase in glacier size?
Answer:precipitation and runoff


Question: Different units of measurement are more useful in some settings than in others. Which unit of measurement is most used when comparing distances within the solar system?
Answer:the astronomical unit


Question: The formation of diamonds requires tremendous pressure that is generated
Answer:deep below the crust.


Question: What characteristic helps a rabbit survive in a winter environment?
Answer:camouflage


Question: A science class is taking a field trip to a forest to observe and study birds. Which tool would be most helpful for observing birds?
Answer:binoculars


Question: An example of an instinct is
Answer:salmon returning to their birthplace to lay their eggs.


Question: During which change of state do the particles of a substance move from being tightly packed together to having more freedom of movement?
Answer:a solid becoming a liquid


Question: When astronauts walked on the Moon, they used weighted boots to help them walk due to the lower gravitational pull. What difference between Earth and the Moon accounts for the difference in gravity?
Answer:mass


Question: A population of wood mice lives in a cool, moist temperate forest. Several years of hot, dry weather have affected the plants in the area. Which mice in the population are most likely to survive this change and pass their genes on to their offspring?
Answer:those with traits most adapted to the new environment


Question: Harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun are primarily absorbed by
Answer:ozone.


Question: Which of these is most likely caused by the action of water, wind, and animals?
Answer:erosion


Question: The core of Earth is divided into two layers. The outer core is made of
Answer:molten iron and nickel.


Question: Offshore oil platforms affect ocean habitats. An ocean environment is most likely damaged by an offshore oil platform because
Answer:leaking oil from the oil platform might pollute the water


Question: An object such as a hammer weighs less on the Moon than on Earth. This is because the Moon has a
Answer:lower mass than Earth.


Question: A scientist plans a project to determine the effect of rain on the formation of caves. An area of rock has been chosen as the site for the investigation. How often should the scientist measure the changes in the rock?
Answer:every year


Question: Which type of rock is formed from limestone that has been compacted, heated, and recrystallized?
Answer:marble


Question: Isabel goes jogging for two miles on a sunny afternoon. At the end of her run, she is warmer. As Isabel jogs, which function does the skin perform to help stabilize her body temperature?
Answer:Her skin discharges water.


Question: Which cell can survive without the help of other cells?
Answer:yeast cell


Question: Two students make hot chocolate. One student pours the hot chocolate into a foam cup. The other student pours the hot chocolate into a metal cup. The metal cup becomes too hot to touch, but the foam cup can be held comfortably. The best explanation for this difference in temperature is that the foam cup-- A heats up much faster than the metal cup
Answer:is a better conductor of heat than the metal cup


Question: Frogs and salamanders compete with each other for insects. Both frogs and salamanders catch flying insects with their tongues. Which feature would most likely help both animals compete for flying insects?
Answer:sticky tongues


Question: Which interaction benefits both organisms?
Answer:a bee pollinating a flower


Question: Which type of rock is formed when limestone is subjected to heat and pressure?
Answer:marble


Question: Jenny measures the outside temperature as 16 degrees Celsius (°C), 61 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). She observes precipitation falling from the clouds in a solid form. What type of precipitation is Jenny most likely observing?
Answer:hail


Question: A change in the environment that causes a response is known as a
Answer:stimulus


Question: Aluminum is an element. Which of the following best describes the smallest particle of aluminum that retains all the properties of aluminum?
Answer:an atom


Question: What advantage do sea stars gain from having radial symmetry?
Answer:They sense predators and potential food from all directions.


Question: A student has a ball of clay that sinks when placed in a pan of water. Which property should he change to make the clay float?
Answer:shape


Question: The population of which of the following 26 organisms would most likely decline if small animals like rats, rabbits, and snakes were eliminated from an ecosystem?
Answer:hawks


Question: During a lab investigation, students were asked to determine the best way to clean up an oil spill using different materials. Investigation Materials • filter paper • foam sponge • metal wire screen • thin sock filled with hair The students tested the materials by placing each material into separate buckets containing oil and water. They recorded their observations on which material absorbed the most oil. Why would the students' teacher ask them to repeat their tests?
Answer:to improve the chances of obtaining accurate oil cleanup results


Question: A delta can be seen from the air at the mouth of the Mississippi River. This delta was formed by
Answer:deposition of sediment.


Question: The nose, mouth, and diaphragm are parts of which body system?
Answer:respiratory


Question: Students are studying some leaves. They group the leaves by shape. Which science process are the students using when they put the leaves in different groups?
Answer:classifying


Question: The thin, semi-permeable membrane that encloses a cell allows nutrients to enter and wastes to be
Answer:excreted.


Question: A small, fast-moving river in is in a V-shaped valley on the slope of a mountain. If you follow the river to where it passes through a plain, what will the river most likely look like compared with how it looked on the mountain?
Answer:Slower and wider


Question: The atmosphere of Mars is almost entirely composed of a greenhouse gas. Compared with Earth, which factor accounts for the low, nighttime surface temperatures on Mars?
Answer:The atmosphere on Mars has an extremely low density.


Question: Asexually produced offspring are genetically
Answer:identical to the parent


Question: A teacher asks her students to examine titles of four scientific articles. Which titled article is specifically about a chemical change?
Answer:How Baking Soda Reacts With Vinegar


Question: Nuclear fusion is the source of energy for stars. Besides hydrogen, which other element is most likely also common in stars?
Answer:helium


Question: Plants in a forest need to obtain nutrients from the soil to survive. How do most of the nutrients get back in the soil once the forest plants have used them for growth?
Answer:Organic matter recycles from dead organisms.


Question: Conjugation in a paramecium differs from sexual reproduction in volvox because conjugation
Answer:results in two genetically identical cells.


Question: Which of the following helps to produce urine in humans and other mammals?
Answer:kidneys


Question: A scientist looks at a graph that shows the percentages of humus, clay, and sand that make up a soil. If the scientist had the total weight of each material, instead of percentages, what type of graph would be best to illustrate the data?
Answer:bar graph


Question: Which unit of measurement describes an object's length?
Answer:meter


Question: Which organ is part of the respiratory system?
Answer:lungs


Question: The iron in iron-rich red soils may not be in a form that can be taken up by tree roots. As a result, leaves and needles may look yellow. Some trees release acids that convert iron in soil to a usable form. This change in soil chemistry is a type of which process?
Answer:weathering


Question: The action that results when waves made in a pond strike the edges and bounce back is known as
Answer:reflection.


Question: Sleet and hail are forms of
Answer:precipitation


Question: Astronomers have determined the surface temperature of stars by studying their colors. What color emission represents stars with the hottest temperatures?
Answer:blue


Question: Because sulfur cannot be decomposed by simple chemical methods into two or more different substances, it is classified as
Answer:an element.


Question: The students watch ocean waves crash on a beach. Which statement describes what will most likely happen because of the waves?
Answer:Sand from the beach will wash away.


Question: When plants and animals die, which organisms help return nutrients to the food chain?
Answer:decomposers


Question: Which object used in an experiment can safely be recycled?
Answer:an aluminum can


Question: Evidence that living things have evolved over hundreds of millions of years can be found in
Answer:rocks containing fossils


Question: What causes the blue color of the sky?
Answer:scattering of light by matter in the atmosphere


Question: As the population of small fish in a lake decreases, the population of large fish that depend on the small fish for food will
Answer:decrease in number


Question: Living organisms require energy for biological processes. Chemical energy in a plant cell is
Answer:converted from solar energy.


Question: Pollen is necessary for a flowering plant to
Answer:reproduce.


Question: Which gas makes up the greatest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?
Answer:nitrogen


Question: Which is the best explanation of the term ecology?
Answer:the study of organisms and their interactions with the environment


Question: A student leaves a rock in the Sun on a bright afternoon. An hour after sunset, the weather is cool, but the rock still feels warm. The student has demonstrated a property of the rock resulting directly from which of the rock's other properties?
Answer:its specific heat


Question: Which characteristic is not an inherited trait?
Answer:personality


Question: Eating leafy vegetables is important for human health. This is because leafy vegetables are a good source of which of the following?
Answer:minerals


Question: What is necessary to use on a telescope in order to photograph solar flares and solar prominences?
Answer:a light filter


Question: Near Earth's equator, water generally exists naturally in the liquid and gas states. In which other part of Earth is water usually found naturally in only two states?
Answer:South Pole


Question: A cat jumps when startled by a loud noise. This is an example of an organism
Answer:sensing and responding to its external environment


Question: Which of the following materials would best slow the transfer of heat?
Answer:wood


Question: What can cause a moving object to increase its speed in a forward direction?
Answer:a force that continually acts on the object in the direction the object is moving


Question: In which oceanic zone do clams and crabs survive by burrowing in the sand?
Answer:intertidal


Question: A manufacturing industry has asked to relocate its plant to your town. From an environmental perspective, which question is least important to ask before deciding whether the industry may move to your town?
Answer:What are the uses of the products that the plant will manufacture?


Question: Some meteorologists use visual aids such as diagrams, maps, and charts when they present the weather to television viewers. How do different types of visual aids help the viewers understand complex weather phenomena?
Answer:by showing many components that impact the weather


Question: Which renewable energy resource possesses the greatest potential for providing renewable energy to meet the future needs of the southern United States?
Answer:solar


Question: A student performs an experiment and the results are shown below: Before- Iron filings are brown, small, and magnetic: Copper sulfate crystals are blue, brittle, and not magnetic. After- The copper formed was reddish, solid, and not magnetic: Iron sulfide solution was colorless and not magnetic. Which statement supports that a chemical reaction took place?
Answer:A new substance was formed.


Question: In order for rocks to be classified as igneous, the rocks must
Answer:be formed from magma.


Question: Which of these is most likely the cause of a father and son having almost identical-sounding voices?
Answer:inherited characteristics


Question: Frog eggs hatch into tadpoles, and then tadpoles gradually develop into frogs. This process is known as
Answer:metamorphosis.


Question: Many people like to use microwave ovens rather than traditional ovens. The main reason for this is that microwave ovens
Answer:take less time to cook food than regular ovens do.


Question: When trees are removed from an area in a tropical rainforest, the area experiences an increase in soil erosion. Which statement best explains why removing the trees can lead to soil erosion?
Answer:There will be fewer roots to hold the soil in place.


Question: What information is needed to calculate the speed of a car?
Answer:the distance travel


Question: Freda always hangs her wet swimsuit outdoors after getting out of the swimming pool. Which of the following is least likely to affect the rate at which Freda's swimsuit dries?
Answer:the temperature of the water in the pool


Question: Maria collected the gas given off by a glowing piece of charcoal. The gas was then bubbled through a small amount of colorless limewater. Part of Maria's report stated, "After the gas was put into the jar, the limewater gradually changed to a milky white color." This statement is
Answer:an observation


Question: Some butterflies live an average of two weeks. This period of time is called a life
Answer:span


Question: Which two body systems work together to transport oxygen to the cells?
Answer:respiratory and circulatory


Question: Some localized layers of rock contain the element iridium. Iridium is most often found in space objects such as meteoroids and asteroids. The discovery of these iridium-containing layers has been matched to which phenomena in Earth's history?
Answer:mass species extinctions


Question: Which of these converts electrical energy to light energy?
Answer:a flashlight


Question: Darwin's theory that animal species can change over time was inspired by his research on which set of islands?
Answer:the Galapagos Islands


Question: An athlete is running a race. The athlete's body needs energy. Which organelle(s) in the athlete's cells supply the energy for cellular functions?
Answer:mitochondrion


Question: Which of these would best help a scientist discover a new planet?
Answer:looking at the night sky with a telescope


Question: Which of these lists has only products that come from plants?
Answer:Paper, spices, and fibers


Question: Why is some food dehydrated for astronauts to eat in space?
Answer:to preserve the food for extended flights


Question: Perfume sprayed from a bottle spreads more easily in a warm room of 25°C than in a cool room of 15°C. Which of the following correctly compares perfume molecules at 25°C to those at 15°C?
Answer:At 25°C, they are moving faster.


Question: Which of the following is believed to be one cause of global warming?
Answer:atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide


Question: What product was being formed as plants died and sank to the bottom of swamps?
Answer:coal


Question: What is the approximate length of time it takes the Moon to complete one lunar cycle?
Answer:29 days


Question: A line graph is best used when the measured variable is
Answer:changing at a constant rate.


Question: All living things need energy to survive. What is the primary source of energy for all living things?
Answer:the sun


Question: If a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis begins with 6 atoms of carbon [C], how many atoms of carbon [C] should be in the products?
Answer:6 atoms of carbon [C]


Question: Which object refracts light?
Answer:glass prism


Question: A gastroenterologist is a doctor who treats problems of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Which organ system is cared for by this type of doctor?
Answer:digestive system


Question: Which event becomes more likely during a drought in a prairie ecosystem?
Answer:fire


Question: When scientists publish papers describing the results and conclusions of their experiments, members of the scientific community should
Answer:evaluate the evidence in the paper.


Question: Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?
Answer:chemical


Question: Which human activity has most negatively affected air quality?
Answer:burning coal


Question: Most of the bacteria in a forest ecosystem are best classified as which of the following types of organisms?
Answer:decomposers


Question: A pencil falls off of a desk. What moves the pencil toward the floor?
Answer:gravity


Question: All of the processes listed below cause changes in Earth's surface. Which of the following is the slowest to change Earth's surface?
Answer:weathering


Question: A group of students was preparing an activity to determine whether certain materials will float or sink when placed on water. Before the experiment started, one student said, "I think the sponge will float." This statement was
Answer:a prediction


Question: What tool is used to determine the mass of an object?
Answer:Balance


Question: According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, mercury (Hg) is different from other metals because mercury is
Answer:liquid at room temperature.


Question: When using more than the recommended amounts of pesticide on farmland, yards, and gardens, what is most likely to occur?
Answer:Water supplies can be contaminated by pesticide runoff.


Question: According to the fossil record, when did episodes of rapid speciation commonly take place?
Answer:following mass extinctions


Question: A deer inherits some of its features from its parents. Other features come from its environment. Which feature would a deer most likely inherit from its parents?
Answer:brown eyes


Question: What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
Answer:neuron


Question: Male peacocks have large brightly colored tail feathers. What is the most likely reason for this?
Answer:to attract potential mates


Question: In a city, the daily high and low 16 temperatures for a month are best represented by which of the following?
Answer:line graph


Question: Drew was measuring the growth of a vine that can grow almost 31 cm a day. Which would be the best way to record his data of the growth over a period of a day?
Answer:a line graph


Question: All of the following are functions of a cell membrane except
Answer:producing energy for cell processes.


Question: Which characteristic will a baby chimpanzee inherit from its parents?
Answer:fur color


Question: Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
Answer:an iron nail


Question: Why are some rocks smoother and rounder than others?
Answer:They were smoothed by the action of wind and water.


Question: A vaccine can prevent a serious disease. When a new vaccine is developed, it is given to a small group of people. Why would it be important to test each vaccine on a small group of people before everyone can have one?
Answer:to determine how the vaccine will affect people


Question: When can producers make the most food?
Answer:summer, because there is more sunlight


Question: Plants have special tissues that transport food, water, and minerals throughout the plant. What are these tissues similar to in animals?
Answer:arteries and veins


Question: Which of the following statements best explains how the decomposition of plant and animal matter helps to form rich soils?
Answer:Decomposition adds nutrients to soil.


Question: Beans and coal both have stored energy. Where did the energy come from that is stored in beans and coal?
Answer:From the Sun's light


Question: A metal ball has a constant velocity of zero. Which other quantity must also be zero?
Answer:acceleration of the ball


Question: What geographic obstacle causes water to condense in an air mass as the air mass moves?
Answer:mountains


Question: If an object is attracted to a magnet, the object is most likely made of
Answer:metal


Question: Which explains the pattern of day and night?
Answer:Earth spins on its axis.


Question: Which is the best plan to make the fossil fuel supply last longer?
Answer:reduce electricity use


Question: The stages of evolution of a star are determined by the mass of the star at the beginning of its life cycle. Which stage of evolution is the oldest form of a massive star?
Answer:neutron star


Question: Which of these best indicates that sediments can be changed into rock?
Answer:layers of sandstone


Question: Carbon cycles through several Earth subsystems. Which sequence most directly leads to the cycling of carbon that can result in the formation of petroleum?
Answer:biosphere to lithosphere


Question: Which word best describes the speed of a cart that has a positive velocity and a negative acceleration?
Answer:decreasing


Question: A hurricane is a heat engine which converts one kind of energy into another. Hurricanes convert most of the heat energy into
Answer:mechanical energy.


Question: Which of the following is a crucial piece of evidence supporting scientists' theory of how the continents and the ocean basins formed?
Answer:Currents redistribute heat in an unevenly heated liquid.


Question: What motion causes day and night?
Answer:rotation of Earth


Question: The axis of Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from the vertical position. Which of the following is the main result of this tilt?
Answer:change of seasons


Question: In an earthquake, the primary waves move through
Answer:rock


Question: Which of the following is the major cause of tides?
Answer:gravitational pull of the Moon


Question: A dog opens its mouth and lets its tongue hang out. A human's body produces sweat. These are two ways that organisms may adjust to
Answer:hot temperatures


Question: Fires in forests from lightning rid the forest of dead branches and leaves. If the trees survive and the soil remains intact, the forest will experience regrowth to its climax state by which process?
Answer:succession


Question: A class planted trees and shrubs in an empty dirt lot beside the school. The roots of the plants can help protect the soil. The soil is most likely being protected from what?
Answer:wind erosion


Question: In the process of photosynthesis, sunlight is converted into
Answer:chemical energy.


Question: Vascular plants have tissue called xylem. Which of these is transported by the xylem?
Answer:water needed by the plant


Question: If Lisa wants to experiment with bean plants, which of these is the best example of a hypothesis?
Answer:Fertilizer will make bean plants grow taller.


Question: A jeweler melts gold to make jewelry. As the gold melts, the mass
Answer:stays the same.


Question: Which of the following tools is most useful for tightening a small mechanical fastener?
Answer:pliers


Question: Oil, coal, and natural gas are fossil fuels formed under what conditions?
Answer:high temperature and high pressure


Question: Some birds build nests in the spring. This nest building is a seasonal adaptation that occurs to help the birds
Answer:protect their young


Question: Which tool is used to measure the volume of a liquid?
Answer:graduated cylinder


Question: The functions of a plant's roots are to support the plant and
Answer:take in water and nutrients


Question: All of the inherited traits that are passed to offspring during asexual reproduction come from a single
Answer:parent.


Question: What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?
Answer:electrical energy to light and heat energy


Question: Which phase change in the atmosphere forms clouds?
Answer:condensation


Question: Where are the most reactive nonmetals located on the periodic table?
Answer:the second column from the right side of the table


Question: Who was a leading authority on continental drift in the early 1900s?
Answer:Alfred Wegener


Question: In addition to oxygen, which gases make up the largest percentage of Earth's atmosphere?
Answer:carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen


Question: For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars?
Answer:a telescope and a computer


Question: During a presentation on astronomy, Professor Williams discussed various measurements in space. Which objects was she referring to when she talked about how astronomical units (AU) were determined?
Answer:the Sun and Earth


Question: As more people have moved to the beach, the sea turtle population has decreased. Which is most likely the cause of this decrease?
Answer:habitat loss


Question: The skin of a chameleon can change colors to help it blend with its surroundings. How would this adaptation most likely help a chameleon survive?
Answer:by helping the chameleon hide from its predators


Question: A student examines a new watch design. The watch has a small solar cell on its face. The main function of the solar cell is to
Answer:provide an energy source for the watch.


Question: The presence of which of the following geological features provides the best evidence that glaciers once covered an area?
Answer:U-shaped valleys


Question: Which of these is a way the people of Virginia can help restore a natural ecosystem?
Answer:Plant native plants


Question: A student wants to figure out how many calories are needed to perform various activities. A list of some everyday activities is made, and the number of calories burned during each activity is recorded. Which method is the best way for the student to display and evaluate the information?
Answer:create a table


Question: Sedimentary deposits formed from organic material tend to include a high amount of
Answer:carbon.


Question: According to the Big Bang Theory, which element most likely formed first?
Answer:hydrogen


Question: Tim and Carla play catch with a ball. Which term describes the motion of a ball?
Answer:speed


Question: Which set of equipment would be best to use when investigating what is found in a sample of pond water?
Answer:microscope, eye dropper, slides


Question: The Theory of Plate Tectonics revolutionized scientific thought because it
Answer:explained the movement of oceanic and continental crusts.


Question: How does repeating an experiment improve the likelihood of obtaining accurate results?
Answer:Data can be compared.


Question: One hundred grams of water and 100 grams of vegetable oil are heated in identical containers at 70°C for 5 minutes. Their temperatures at the end of 5 minutes are different due to the difference in which property?
Answer:specific heat


Question: There are MORE hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere during which season?
Answer:summer


Question: Which force produces energy as heat?
Answer:friction


Question: Biologists have discovered that the beluga whales of Canada's St. Lawrence River have the highest rates of cancer among animals. What is most likely the reason for this high incidence of cancer in these whales?
Answer:chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean


Question: Reading from left to right, elements in the same period on the Periodic Table of the Elements
Answer:increase in atomic number.


Question: A device that converts light energy into electricity used in many handheld calculators is a
Answer:photovoltaic cell.


Question: Which most accurately describes a circle (pie) graph?
Answer:used to describe how part of the data relates to all of the data


Question: Which organisms benefit in the relationship between bees and flowering plants?
Answer:both the bees and the flowering plants


Question: The orbit of Earth is almost circular and has a period of about 365 days. Compared to the orbit of Earth, which of these objects usually have highly elliptical orbits and can have periods of over 1000 years?
Answer:comets


Question: How is the theory of plate tectonics different from a hypothesis regarding a certain aspect of plate movement?
Answer:The theory explains a number of related observations.


Question: A large quantity of heavy rain falling in a short time period will most likely
Answer:reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil.


Question: An artificial pacemaker is a device that regulates the beat of the heart by an electrical stimulus. Some early pacemakers were powered by batteries and were worn externally with wires passing through the skin to the surface of the heart. Modern pacemakers are now much smaller and are implanted surgically. Which most likely has increased the lifespan and effectiveness of artificial pacemakers?
Answer:the invention of lithium batteries


Question: A balloon filled with helium gas is set free and starts to move upward. Which of the following best explains why the helium balloon moves upward?
Answer:The density of helium is less than the density of air.


Question: Oscar and Andre used a microscope to observe a sample of pond water and drew an example of each type of organism they saw. Then they compared their drawings. They discovered that their drawings of a euglena and a paramecium were alike, but their amoeba drawings had very different shapes. What are two things that Oscar's amoeba could have been doing that made his drawing look different from Andre's?
Answer:eating and moving


Question: The reading on a barometer rises when the air
Answer:pressure increases.


Question: Which of the following processes is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor?
Answer:evaporation


Question: In an atom, protons plus neutrons make up the atom's
Answer:atomic mass.


Question: A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by using a conducting metal loop turning in a
Answer:magnetic field.


Question: Deer live in forest for shelter. If the forest was cut down, which situation would most likely happen?
Answer:The deer would move to another forest area.


Question: Which physical property is important to have in a material used in cookware?
Answer:good conductor of heat


Question: Which sentence describes a characteristic of offspring produced by sexual reproduction?
Answer:The offspring contain genetic material from both parents.


Question: What is involved in creating genetically modified bacteria?
Answer:using biotechnology techniques


Question: Which of the following structures does a frog develop as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog?
Answer:lungs


Question: One cause of heat in a car engine is caused by friction between parts. Which of these reduces the amount of heat produced by friction?
Answer:oil


Question: The primary functions of the digestive system are to break down food, absorb nutrients and excrete wastes. Once food is absorbed, what system is responsible for carrying the nutrients to the body cells?
Answer:circulatory system


Question: If you breathe on a mirror, part of the mirror clouds up. What are you actually seeing when you see the mirror cloud up?
Answer:Water droplets that formed from cooled water vapor in your breath


Question: The surface of the Moon is made up of
Answer:craters, highlands, and flat areas


Question: Which sequence correctly shows the levels of increasing organization in the human body?
Answer:cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems


Question: Which layer of the atmosphere contains the greatest amount of water vapor?
Answer:troposphere


Question: What should a scientist do to help make sure the results of an experiment are unbiased?
Answer:Ask other scientists to attempt to reproduce the results.


Question: Which property of water allows it to dissolve many different substances?
Answer:It is a polar molecule.


Question: Nevada is much drier than regions in California that are at the same latitude. Compared to these regions in California, which feature of Nevada contributes most to this dry climate?
Answer:mountain ranges to the west


Question: A chemist observed bubbling and fizzing after adding an acid solution to a white powdery substance in a beaker. Which of the following can be inferred?
Answer:The acid and powder formed a new product.


Question: Which of the following is visible through a reflecting telescope?
Answer:moons around Jupiter


Question: A student is using hydrochloric acid in an investigation. Which piece of safety equipment is most important during this investigation?
Answer:goggles


Question: Generally, the deeper rock layers of Earth are older than shallower rock layers. How can the collision of two tectonic plates change the order of the rock layers?
Answer:The rock layers are compressed forming faults and folds.


Question: Which instrument should a student use to best examine bacteria?
Answer:microscope


Question: Matter that is vibrating is producing ___.
Answer:sound


Question: Falling and rising air and water molecules inside of clouds are believed to be factors in the formation of lightning. Which kind of energy transfer is taking place to cause this weather phenomenon?
Answer:mechanical to electrical


Question: Sleet, rain, snow, and hail are forms of
Answer:precipitation


Question: A windstorm knocks down many trees in a national park. Timber companies want to get rid of the fallen trees. How would this most likely harm the park ecosystem?
Answer:removes available nutrients


Question: A plant has yellow flowers. What best explains why the flowers are yellow?
Answer:The flowers of the parent plants were yellow.


Question: Which tool is used to determine the mass of an object?
Answer:balance


Question: Prairie dogs can run very quickly. This adaptation enables the prairie dog to
Answer:escape from predators.


Question: A student has a liquid that does not mix with water. To predict whether the liquid will float on water or sink beneath it, which tools should be used to examine the liquid?
Answer:graduated cylinder and balance


Question: Samuel investigated the effect of temperature on the growth of snapdragons. He recorded the results from the investigation and found that snapdragons do not grow well in low temperatures. What is the purpose of this conclusion in the scientific process?
Answer:It helps to evaluate the hypothesis.


Question: Which of the following best describes the purpose of cellular respiration?
Answer:to provide energy for cell activities


Question: In a meadow ecosystem, mice receive most of the energy they need to survive directly from which of the following sources?
Answer:plants


Question: Which environmental stimulus causes leaves on certain trees to change color in autumn?
Answer:changes to amount of light


Question: How does the length of daylight in New York State change from summer to fall?
Answer:It decreases.


Question: What is the name of the product formed from the reaction shown below? 4Fe(III) + 3O_{2} -> 2Fe_{2}O_{3}
Answer:iron (III) oxide


Question: What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
Answer:spiral


Question: One thing that all human cells have in common is that they
Answer:take in energy.


Question: Which two systems of the body are interacting when a runner sprains his ankle?
Answer:the muscular system and the nervous system


Question: Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It rotates on its axis once about every 10 hours. What time period on Earth would be 10 hours long if Earth rotated on its axis once every 10 hours?
Answer:a day


Question: The elements sulfur (S) and oxygen (O2) combine to form a substance called sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dioxide is also formed when coal and oil are burned. Sulfur dioxide can best be described as
Answer:a compound


Question: Which is a major difference between the life cycles of different types of plants?
Answer:the way they reproduce


Question: Sunlight passes through the windows of a car and causes the car seats to get hot. Which type of energy flow is involved in heating the seats?
Answer:radiation


Question: When a large oak tree is cut down in a forest, it leaves a gap in the forest canopy which allows smaller trees to quickly grow in the available sunlight. Which interaction is best represented among the smaller trees?
Answer:competition


Question: How long does it take for the Moon to rotate on its axis?
Answer:one month


Question: What is one way that humans can maintain good health?
Answer:exercise daily


Question: Which is an example of a group of cells with a common structure and function?
Answer:muscle tissue


Question: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease caused by an autosomal recessive gene. If each parent carries one sickle cell allele, what are the chances that their child will have sickle cell anemia?
Answer:one in four


Question: Which statement describes animal embryos?
Answer:represent the earliest stage of development


Question: The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?
Answer:higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere


Question: As the population in an area grows, water usage increases. Eventually, water usage can outstrip the supply. Which measure to increase the amount of available water demonstrates the best stewardship of the resource?
Answer:reducing water usage through conservation measures


Question: Which action illustrates a chemical change?
Answer:burning wood chips


Question: Which tool could be used to help someone count the number of ladybugs on a leaf?
Answer:hand lens


Question: Which two activities use most of the water used in an average U.S. household?
Answer:flushing toilets and washing clothes


Question: Which are the best tools to use for growing and studying bacterial cultures?
Answer:Petri dishes


Question: Which effect would the growing of legume crops such as beans and soybeans have?
Answer:more usable nitrogen for other plants


Question: Which relationship between Earth's outer core and inner core generates a large portion of Earth's magnetic field?
Answer:their relative motions


Question: Which order of succession of natural communities would most likely occur in New York State?
Answer:grasses -> bushes -> trees


Question: White light can be separated into all of its component colors by
Answer:passing the light through a prism.


Question: An Italian scientist named Alessandro Volta invented the Voltaic pile in 1800. It was able to produce a steady electrical current. Based on this description, what is the modern equivalent of the Voltaic pile?
Answer:a battery


Question: Which would cause the most soil to erode from a river bank in just a few days?
Answer:water from a flood flowing over the river bank


Question: A student is measuring a liquid in a graduated cylinder. The student is not tall enough to read the measurement at eye level. Which of these is the best action for the student to take to read the measurement correctly?
Answer:move the graduated cylinder to a lower table


Question: When Isaac Newton theorized that gravity caused objects to fall to the ground, he had also discovered the force that causes
Answer:the planets to orbit the Sun.


Question: A disorder is associated with certain flaws in the human respiratory system. Which is most likely a typical symptom of this disorder?
Answer:difficulty breathing


Question: Which of these is the main contributor to the formation of hurricanes?
Answer:warm ocean air


Question: Which statement correctly describes why there are fewer than 24 hours of daylight in Alaska during each day in April?
Answer:Earth’s rotation causes both day and night.


Question: What best describes objects orbiting in the Kuiper Belt?
Answer:icy


Question: Coal was made from the remains of which ancient ecosystem?
Answer:green swamps


Question: Which of these describes a location where minerals are most likely to form?
Answer:cooled magma from a volcano


Question: In 1971, the bones of an extinct flying dinosaur were discovered. This kind of discovery helps everyone learn more about
Answer:history of animal species on Earth.


Question: Which could be a possible way to prevent wildlife species from becoming endangered?
Answer:establishing more habitats


Question: The chemical reaction of ethane and oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water. Which is the best form to identify reactants and products of the reaction?
Answer:an equation


Question: Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that occurs when the body attacks its own tissues. Which body system becomes disordered first?
Answer:immune


Question: Variation in which property between water at different temperatures contributes most to the formation of horizontal ocean layers having distinct temperatures?
Answer:density


Question: Which event would most likely cause a rapid extinction of organisms?
Answer:a large asteroid impact


Question: When an octopus feels threatened, it can release black ink into the water. The ink MOST likely helps the octopus
Answer:hide from predators.


Question: Which is a way the agricultural biotechnology industry could have a positive impact on the environment?
Answer:by reducing the need for countries to import food


Question: The following statements are from an article in a fitness magazine. Which of these is an opinion?
Answer:People should exercise because it makes them feel better.


Question: Which pair of items will repel each other?
Answer:a negatively-charged plastic strip and a negatively-charged piece of cloth


Question: In your body, what two organs work together to make sure that oxygen gets to all the other organs of your body?
Answer:Heart and lungs


Question: Each organ in the digestive system has a specific function. During digestion, food passes from the stomach into the small intestine. Which statement best describes what takes place in the small intestine?
Answer:Nutrients are absorbed from the food.


Question: Which structure is found in producers in nearly all ecosystems?
Answer:chloroplasts


Question: A strawberry farmer finds that, after a hard freeze, some of his strawberries are still alive. Which best explains why these strawberries were able to survive?
Answer:They have different genetic variations that cause them to be more resistant to cold temperatures.


Question: Which event would most likely result in more food for organisms that are scavengers?
Answer:Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond.


Question: When you are riding a bicycle at night, your bicycle's reflectors help people in cars see your bicycle. How do bicycle reflectors work?
Answer:They bounce light back from other sources.


Question: From Earth, the Sun appears brighter than any other star because the Sun is the
Answer:closest star.


Question: Scientists found fish fossils in the desert. What do the fossils tell about this environment when the fish were alive?
Answer:There were lakes with water plants.


Question: Chinese and European societies can use different but effective technologies when addressing medical questions. What does this demonstrate?
Answer:Varied approaches can yield successful technologies.


Question: The exotic plant Melaleuca, or Australian Pine, has increased the intensity of fires across the Everglades. The amount of fuel available for fires has increased due to the presence of the Melaleuca. The Melaleuca releases massive numbers of seeds in response to fire, drought, and herbicide damage. Which best describes the reason the Melaleuca has been able to survive?
Answer:adaptation


Question: Water that is used to cool nuclear power plants can be released into water bodies, causing an area called a thermal plume. A thermal plume can be 12-18°C warmer than surrounding waters. Although some fish may be attracted to the warmer water, other organisms may not be able to survive. Government officials order a study to determine the effects of a thermal plume in a water body near a nuclear power plant in North Carolina. Which factor most related to temperature should the study focus on in order to determine whether the thermal plume is damaging the health of the water system?
Answer:dissolved oxygen


Question: What is a galaxy?
Answer:a very large system of stars that is held together by gravity


Question: Which part of a strawberry plant absorbs most of the water needed by the plant?
Answer:roots


Question: In cherry tomatoes, red color (R) is dominant to yellow color (r). If two heterozygous plants are crossed, what percentage of the offspring will be yellow?
Answer:25%


Question: Which situation is an example of a feedback system in the body that maintains homeostasis?
Answer:the brain signaling blood vessels to return to normal


Question: Which human organ system produces sperm or egg cells?
Answer:reproductive system


Question: In the human body the digestion of proteins takes place primarily in which two organs?
Answer:Stomach and small intestine


Question: What is the source of the organic matter needed for most fertile soils?
Answer:decaying plants


Question: A scientist finds the bones of a dinosaur. What could help the scientist determine the approximate age of the dinosaur bones?
Answer:the index fossils in the area of the bones


Question: A pond is near river but not connected to it. What would most likely allow fish to move from the pond to the river?
Answer:a flood


Question: A characteristic that all living organisms have in common is they
Answer:are made of cells.


Question: When the cells in an organism divide and reproduce, the organism can grow. Which cell organelle contains the genetic material for reproduction?
Answer:the nucleus


Question: Measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations in the air taken over the past decade have shown a
Answer:dramatic increase.


Question: All matter is made up of particles called
Answer:atoms


Question: Which of the following energy conversions takes place in a battery-operated flashlight?
Answer:chemical -> electrical -> light


Question: Which of these is most likely harmful to an ecosystem?
Answer:Building new homes in a wetland


Question: Which units are best to measure the amount of rain that fell during a thunderstorm?
Answer:centimeters


Question: Noah visited a park that had many oak trees. Which best describes the role of an oak tree in its ecosystem?
Answer:Oak trees are a source of food and shelter for animals.


Question: Which of these resources will most likely be depleted first?
Answer:Fossil fuels


Question: When athletes begin to exercise, their heart rates and respiration rates increase. At what level of organization does the human body coordinate these functions?
Answer:at the system level


Question: A student heated a pan of soup on a stove. While stirring the soup with a metal spoon, the student noticed the spoon became very warm. What is the most likely reason the spoon became warm?
Answer:Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon.


Question: Where does a landslide begin?
Answer:a mountain


Question: Students are learning about the natural resources in Maryland. One group of students researches information about renewable natural resources in the state. The other group researches information about nonrenewable natural resources in the state. The resources the students investigate include plants, animals, soil, minerals, water, coal, and oil. Aluminum is a nonrenewable natural resource. Which of these methods of aluminum disposal is best for the environment?
Answer:recycling it


Question: Which of the following keeps the planets in our solar system in orbit around the Sun?
Answer:gravitational force


Question: Which human organ system primarily exchanges gases between the body and the atmosphere?
Answer:respiratory


Question: Moving water was the most important factor in forming which of these?
Answer:the Grand Canyon


Question: Which list contains only nonliving things?
Answer:water, rocks, sunlight


Question: Which type of energy conversion occurs in a flashlight?
Answer:chemical to light


Question: Rocks that contain fragments of bones, shells, and plant remains are most likely
Answer:sedimentary.


Question: Which reaction is endothermic?
Answer:cold pack


Question: Which property of water can cause a rock to break apart?
Answer:Water expanding as it freezes.


Question: With a microscope, you see that an object has a cell wall, a chloroplast, and a nucleus. What is being observed?
Answer:a plant cell


Question: Which instrument would be best to measure the volume of a liquid?
Answer:a graduated cylinder


Question: Which part of an atom is involved in chemical reactions?
Answer:negatively-charged particles


Question: Which tool is best used to collect information about the weather?
Answer:thermometer


Question: Which of these characteristics best helps scientists classify organisms?
Answer:structure


Question: Which resource is most likely found in large amounts in forest ecosystems?
Answer:wood


Question: Which of the following best describes a role of mushrooms in ecosystems?
Answer:breaking down dead plant material


Question: A gardener wants to increase the ability of garden soil to retain water. Which of these should the gardener add to the soil?
Answer:organic material


Question: In the life cycle of a fly, which stage comes after the larval stage?
Answer:pupa


Question: In which example could a thermometer be used to show that heat energy is being transferred?
Answer:A stove is used to boil water in a pan.


Question: What is the most likely function of a turtle's hard shell?
Answer:provide protection


Question: What is the main source of energy that causes water to evaporate from the surface of Earth?
Answer:sun


Question: Which terms can be used to describe the properties of both a wave and a particle of light?
Answer:speed and frequency


Question: To use energy from the Sun to power household appliances, the solar energy must be converted to
Answer:electrical energy.


Question: The yellow-throated longclaw is a bird that lives on the dry savanna of Africa. It looks almost exactly like another bird, the western meadowlark of North America. Although the birds look very similar, they are not even in the same taxonomic family. Scientists think the birds look alike because the two species developed under similar environmental pressures, even though they developed thousands of miles apart. Which process does their development demonstrate?
Answer:convergent evolution


Question: The reaction that releases energy for use by the cell occurs in which site?
Answer:mitochondrial membrane


Question: Why do doctors suggest that people get a flu vaccine each year?
Answer:Viruses can mutate from year to year.


Question: Which of the following events involves a consumer and producer in a food chain?
Answer:A deer eats a leaf.


Question: The change from day to night on Earth can be explained by
Answer:the rotation of Earth.


Question: Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle?
Answer:Foot pedal


Question: When animals use energy, what is always produced?
Answer:heat


Question: Which type of rock is formed when hot lava cools?
Answer:igneous


Question: Which environmental factor would most likely prevent an orange tree from surviving in the desert?
Answer:the lack of moisture


Question: After a rainstorm, a big pile of rocks blocks part of a mountain road. Which event most likely caused the rocks to move onto the road?
Answer:a landslide


Question: What would be the result of adding one proton to an atom?
Answer:the atomic number would change


Question: What would be the best source to find information about DNA testing?
Answer:scientific journals


Question: In what section of Earth do earthquakes happen?
Answer:crust


Question: A complete fossil has been found of a type of bird that cannot be identified. What can most likely be determined about the bird from the fossil?
Answer:The bird existed at one time but is now extinct.


Question: When large areas of the rainforests are cleared and burned, climate can be affected. Which best explains how rainforest destruction can contribute to the greenhouse effect?
Answer:by releasing carbon into the atmosphere


Question: Which information is used in a station model?
Answer:wind direction in a particular point and time


Question: Which part of a plant is most responsible for using energy from the Sun to produce food for the plant?
Answer:leaf


Question: Which natural formation is the best example of the result of both constructive and destructive forces such as weathering, erosion, and deposition of sediment?
Answer:The Grand Canyon


Question: Which characteristic helps a fox find food?
Answer:sense of smell


Question: Tay-Sachs disease is a recessive genetic disorder. If only one gene is present, an individual is a carrier. What is the probability of two healthy Tay-Sachs carriers having a child that has the disease?
Answer:25%


Question: Two identical lamps contain the same amount of different types of oil. They are allowed to burn until all the oil has been burned. Which measurement will best provide the total difference in chemical energy between the two oils?
Answer:time it took for lamps to use oil


Question: Which disease is a result of abnormal cell division?
Answer:cancer


Question: During which season of the year would a rabbit's fur be thickest?
Answer:winter


Question: Which property of an element is determined by adding the number of protons and number of neutrons?
Answer:atomic mass


Question: Which of these cycles takes 24 hours?
Answer:Earth rotating on its axis


Question: Lemon juice turns litmus paper red, is corrosive and tastes sour. Lemon juice is classified as
Answer:an acid.


Question: A child walks across a carpet and generates an electrical charge. The child will get a slight shock by touching a
Answer:metal doorknob.


Question: Which animal eats only plants?
Answer:Rabbit


Question: A newborn kangaroo has the ability to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk. This is an example of
Answer:an instinct.


Question: Which characteristic is shared by Earth and the Moon?
Answer:an orbit created by the force of gravity


Question: The Piedmont and Coastal Plains regions in Maryland produce crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, tobacco, tomatoes, and apples. Which environmental factor most likely influences which crops are grown in these regions?
Answer:soil quality


Question: Which organ system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment?
Answer:respiratory


Question: Which of these will always produce a magnetic field?
Answer:an electric current


Question: The periodic table provides information about the atoms of different elements. Which is a characteristic of an atom determines what element it is?
Answer:number of protons


Question: Joel made some measurements and recorded this data: Sample 1 - 45 mL Sample 2 - 15 mL Sample 3 - 30 mL Sample 4 - 20 mL Which of these tools would most likely have been used to obtain these measurements?
Answer:graduated cylinder


Question: A teacher demonstrates a chemical reaction. A student observes that the test tube in which the reaction occurs becomes warm. What is the source of the thermal energy generated by the reaction?
Answer:energy stored in the reactants


Question: Deer provide food for wolves. How does this relationship also benefit the deer herd?
Answer:by controlling the deer population


Question: In what way does society benefit from research on diseases?
Answer:Many illnesses will be prevented or cured.


Question: Which energy transformation takes place in a gasoline lawn mower?
Answer:chemical energy to mechanical energy


Question: Which of the following can only be seen with a telescope?
Answer:the moon-like phases of Venus


Question: The rocks that form most of the Sierra Nevada are granitic rocks. This means that the mountains were most likely formed by
Answer:volcanic activity.


Question: In 1872, the United States created a national park called Yellowstone. The park includes more than two million acres in the three states of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Which statement best explains why national parks have a positive effect on ecosystems?
Answer:National parks limit mining, logging, and hunting.


Question: According to the endosymbiotic theory, double-membrane mitochondria originated as a result of some larger eukaryotic cells with flexible membranes engulfing smaller prokaryotic cells. Which of these explains where the outer layer of the double membrane of the mitochondria originated?
Answer:the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic host


Question: Toni got a cut on her arm while playing in a softball game. A few weeks later, the cut was healed. Which process is most responsible for repairing the cut?
Answer:reproduction of skin cells


Question: A pot of cold water was heated on a stove until the water boiled. Which of the following best explains why the water was able to boil?
Answer:The cold water absorbed heat from the pot.


Question: A spring-fed stream forms a pond that contains watercress plants, minnows, and crayfish. The pond receives 5 hours of direct sunlight every day. Which of the following is an abiotic factor in this ecosystem?
Answer:the pond water


Question: A modern theory of the origin of the universe proposes that the first atoms formed were primarily atoms of which element?
Answer:hydrogen


Question: A star is a large astronomical body that
Answer:emits light.


Question: What happens to water when it boils?
Answer:It changes into water vapor.


Question: Ms. Bristol measured the mass of a closed beaker containing several ice cubes. The mass was 100 g. An hour later, after the ice cubes had melted, Ms. Bristol measured the mass of the beaker again. What was the mass of the beaker of water the second time?
Answer:100 g


Question: A student has two solid samples of the same substance. Which property do the substances most likely have in common?
Answer:density


Question: In which object does chemical energy most likely transform into electrical energy?
Answer:a flashlight


Question: What is the mass number of an atom with 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons?
Answer:35


Question: Some machines can remove the salt that is in seawater. How does removing salt from seawater most help people?
Answer:provides useable drinking water


Question: Which body system is most affected by a disease that causes the bones to become weak and brittle?
Answer:skeletal


Question: Why can a small fire be put out by placing a heavy blanket over it?
Answer:This keeps oxygen from reaching the fire.


Question: There is a river at the base of Mount Tom. In the spring the water level is usually very high. In the summer it is lower. The higher level of water during the spring comes from
Answer:melting snow.


Question: Earthquake waves are recorded by seismograph machines. What does an earthquake wave transmit?
Answer:energy


Question: The snowshoe hare was once common in Maryland. In 1986, researchers in the state noted that the snowshoe hare was no longer found in Maryland. Which statement best explains why the snowshoe hare is no longer found in Maryland?
Answer:Housing developments have replaced fields.


Question: In the initial stages of manned space exploration, scientists needed to address adequate nutrition to provide astronauts with energy throughout the mission. Which of these criteria could not be used when considering food and energy for astronauts during manned space flights?
Answer:history of space food


Question: Which is the best example of evaporation?
Answer:a puddle drying in the sun


Question: In a forest community, trees produce leaves that can be eaten by deer. The leaves also fall to the forest floor during autumn. Fungi break the leaves down into nutrients that enter the soil. What is the decomposer in this forest community?
Answer:the fungi


Question: Compared to Earth, the Moon is
Answer:drier.


Question: What process forms an image in a mirror?
Answer:reflecting light


Question: Which is an example of a physical change?
Answer:ice melting


Question: Which of the following describes an object that must have a net negative charge?
Answer:It contains more electrons than protons.


Question: Rocks found on Earth are classified as sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous based on
Answer:how the rocks were formed.


Question: Which of the following is formed when two elements combine chemically?
Answer:a compound


Question: Which of the following is the most important safety practice when using a rock hammer on a geology field trip?
Answer:wear goggles while breaking rocks


Question: To which organ system do the esophagus, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and colon belong?
Answer:digestive system


Question: When sodium hydroxide reacts with a copper nitrate solution, the reaction vessel needs to be kept on ice to slow down the reaction. What best describes this reaction?
Answer:an exothermic reaction that releases energy


Question: Scientists measured the patterns of spectral lines given off by distant galaxies and concluded that almost all of these galaxies are moving away from Earth. What did the scientists observe directly?
Answer:a shift toward longer wavelengths of light


Question: When a multicellular organism is damaged, it will repair itself as
Answer:the cells work together.


Question: Genes are located on chromosomes which are composed of
Answer:DNA.


Question: Which of the following best describes the number of chromosomes in a normal human liver cell?
Answer:23 pairs of chromosomes


Question: A student measures the growth of a group of plants given different amounts of fertilizer. Which data display should the student use to compare the growth of the plants?
Answer:line graph


Question: What is a large buildup of moving ice and snow called?
Answer:glacier


Question: Which of these conditions would most likely be shown in the fossil record as a reason for mass extinctions?
Answer:falling sea levels and global cooling


Question: One of the functions of a topographic map is to
Answer:show the surface features of an area.


Question: Reptiles become more active as the day gets warmer. This is because
Answer:their body temperature changes with the environment.


Question: Which scientific model could be used to predict the properties of an element?
Answer:Periodic Table


Question: Some of the thermal structure of Earth is the result of a combination of chemical composition, temperature, and pressure. Which is a boundary that best demonstrates a contact point between layers having relatively the same temperature and chemical composition?
Answer:inner core and outer core


Question: A hillside along a highway has exposed layers of undisturbed sedimentary rock. Which method would be best for scientists to use to determine the relative age of these sedimentary rock layers?
Answer:apply the law of superposition


Question: What are petri dishes used for in a lab?
Answer:growing bacteria in a controlled setting


Question: How do most fish get the oxygen they need to survive?
Answer:Using their gills, they take in oxygen that is dissolved in water.


Question: Miranda's neighbors have an apple tree in their yard. What is the source of energy for the apple tree?
Answer:sunlight


Question: Some types of trees are able to survive the heat of a forest fire. Which of the following characteristics would best help a tree survive a fire?
Answer:thick bark


Question: Which of the following would most likely happen if grasses and shrubs were removed from a rural Massachusetts ecosystem?
Answer:There would be a decrease in food energy produced by the ecosystem.


Question: In 2004, Maryland recycled more than 35% of all of the waste the state produced. Which of these benefits does recycling provide to Maryland?
Answer:less trash sent to landfills


Question: A student finds a round, smooth pebble on a beach. Which action made the pebble smooth?
Answer:waves moving


Question: The position of the liver in the circulatory system maximizes its ability to filter out harmful chemicals as soon as they enter the bloodstream. Blood travels to the liver from the
Answer:digestive system.


Question: A student recorded the amount of rain that fell in one year in his city. What is the best way for him to organize his information?
Answer:graph


Question: While Anna was testing a circuit, she dropped a light bulb. What is the safest thing Anna can do?
Answer:tell her teacher that she broke the bulb


Question: Sugar is added to water and the mixture is stirred. Which observation is evidence that the sugar dissolved in the water?
Answer:Less sugar is visible.


Question: The direction water flows in a river depends on
Answer:the slope of the land


Question: A soccer player kicks a soccer ball across a field. Which factor has the most effect on the distance the soccer ball travels?
Answer:the force of the kick


Question: Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that are composed of
Answer:DNA molecules


Question: Which items would best protect a group of students while investigating a forest ecosystem?
Answer:long pants and long-sleeved shirts


Question: A student needs to find the mass of an atom. The numbers of which atomic particles determines the mass of the atom?
Answer:both its protons and neutrons


Question: Which activity is necessary for humans to maintain good health?
Answer:resting


Question: A student completes several tasks while making breakfast. During which task does the student make a solution?
Answer:adding sugar to tea


Question: Which natural event can dry out plants and cause wildfires?
Answer:drought


Question: Where would nitrogen most easily be found in the nitrogen cycle?
Answer:in animal waste


Question: Before it rains water must collect in
Answer:clouds.


Question: Which atmospheric phenomena are created by the interaction of charged particles with Earth's magnetosphere?
Answer:auroras


Question: Which of these BEST describes the way a feather feels?
Answer:Soft


Question: A tight metal lid on a jar of pickles may loosen when it has been held in hot water. This is because the hot water causes the
Answer:metal lid to expand more than the glass jar expands