Datasets:

gohumanize
/

gohumanize-open-humanizer-dataset

id stringlengths 21 29	input stringlengths 372 3.39k	output stringlengths 378 2.58k	generator stringclasses 2 values	style stringclasses 4 values	source stringclasses 2 values	title stringclasses 379 values	author stringclasses 43 values	category stringclasses 3 values	url stringclasses 333 values	input_words int64 62 474	output_words int64 80 421
energy-23f1eda6fa39a03b	Additionally, it is worth noting that the U.S. Department of Energy has issued an emergency order today, and this order is intended to mitigate the risk of blackouts in the Carolinas during hot weather conditions. Furthermore, the order was issued pursuant to Section 202(c) of the Federal Power Act, and it authorizes D...	The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today issued an emergency order to mitigate the risk of blackouts in the Carolinas amid hot weather conditions. Issued pursuant to Section 202(c) of the Federal Power Act, the order authorizes Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke) to dispatch specified units and to order their operation ...	deepseek-chat	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-secretary-secures-carolinas-grid-ahead-holiday-weekend	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-secretary-secures-carolinas-grid-ahead-holiday-weekend	269	205
energy-286c7e8356b8430c	Additionally, it is worth noting that U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright has issued emergency orders that appear intended to keep two Indiana coal plants operational, so that Americans in the Midwest region of the United States may continue to have access to affordable, reliable, and secure electricity. Furthermore,...	U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright issued emergency orders to keep two Indiana coal plants operational to ensure Americans in the Midwest region of the United States have continued access to affordable, reliable, and secure electricity. The orders direct the Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), CenterPo...	deepseek-chat	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/trump-administration-moves-keep-indiana-coal-plants-operating-support-grid-reliability	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/trump-administration-moves-keep-indiana-coal-plants-operating-support-grid-reliability	396	334
energy-2a334fa057dd7a80	In Washington, United States Secretary of Energy Chris Wright issued an emergency order today aimed at maintaining affordable, reliable, and secure coal generation within the State of Washington to address significant grid reliability challenges facing the Northwestern region of the United States. This emergency direct...	U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright today issued an emergency order to keep affordable, reliable, and secure coal generation in the State of Washington online to help address critical grid reliability issues facing the Northwestern region of the United States. The emergency order directs TransAlta Centralia Generatio...	gpt-4o-mini	formal_polished	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-secretary-keeps-northwest-coal-generating-plant-online	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-secretary-keeps-northwest-coal-generating-plant-online	300	281
energy-489c6aa0fdd20925	Additionally, a recent and significant example illustrating this collaborative security initiative may be found in the successful joint operation involving the United States, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela, which received essential technical support from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for the removal ...	A powerful, recent testament to this shared security mission is our successful joint operation between the United States, United Kingdom, and Venezuela, with the vital technical support of the IAEA, to remove 13.5 kilograms of enriched uranium from the shutdown RV-1 research reactor. On another positive note, Syria ha...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-secretary-energy-chris-wright-delivers-us-national-statement-general-conference-0	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-secretary-energy-chris-wright-delivers-us-national-statement-general-conference-0	284	196
energy-48cb84747984eba5	Additionally, it is worth noting that the U.S. Department of Energy has reached a decision to issue an emergency order today, which may help mitigate blackout risks in the Mid-Atlantic region ahead of forecasted hot weather conditions and planned transmission outages. Furthermore, this order tends to direct PJM Interco...	The U.S. Department of Energy today issued an emergency order to mitigate blackout risks in the Mid-Atlantic ahead of the forecasted hot weather conditions and planned transmission outages. The order directs PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. (PJM) to dispatch specified resources and to order their operation as needed to main...	deepseek-chat	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-secretary-secures-mid-atlantic-grid-due-anticipated-stressed-system-conditions	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-secretary-secures-mid-atlantic-grid-due-anticipated-stressed-system-conditions	328	270
energy-5807975c60f3d5fd	The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has issued an emergency order aimed at reducing the risk of blackouts in the Carolinas during periods of elevated temperatures. This order, which was issued in accordance with Section 202(c) of the Federal Power Act, grants Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke) the authority to deploy sp...	The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) issued an emergency order to mitigate the risk of blackouts in the Carolinas amid hot weather conditions. Issued pursuant to Section 202(c) of the Federal Power Act, the order authorizes Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke) to dispatch specified resources and to order their operation as...	gpt-4o-mini	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-secretary-secures-carolinas-grid-amidst-hot-weather-conditions	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-secretary-secures-carolinas-grid-amidst-hot-weather-conditions	315	267
energy-d1e4c6fb9f2ae8ee	Notably, highlights from the report indicate that the median salary within the energy sector stands at $63,000, which appears to be 24% above the national median salary of $51,000. Furthermore, the natural gas transmission and distribution sector has experienced an increase of 12,500 workers, which can often translate ...	Highlights from the report include: • The median energy-sector salary was $63,000, 24% higher than the national median salary of $51,000. • Natural gas transmission and distribution added 12,500 workers, growing employment by 5%. • Nuclear power added 2,300 workers, growing employment by 4%. • Coal power generation add...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/president-trumps-energy-dominance-agenda-delivering-american-energy-workers	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/president-trumps-energy-dominance-agenda-delivering-american-energy-workers	241	160
energy-d423d46bc5f1406a	It is worth noting that on this Labor Day, the United States Department of Energy is acknowledging the diligent individuals who contribute to the nation's energy sector through the publication of the 2026 U.S. Energy and Employment Report. This annual report emphasizes significant employment growth across essential ene...	This Labor Day, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is celebrating the hardworking men and women who power America with the release of the 2026 U.S. Energy and Employment Report (USEER). The annual report highlights strong job growth across critical energy sectors at the heart of President Trump’s Energy Dominance agen...	gpt-4o-mini	formal_polished	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/president-trumps-energy-dominance-agenda-delivering-american-energy-workers	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/president-trumps-energy-dominance-agenda-delivering-american-energy-workers	317	234
energy-d7395baf04d8d9c7	It is worth noting that the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation has recently selected four projects for a funding allocation totaling $73 million as part of the Mine of the Future initiative. This initiative aims to establish domestic testing locations for innovative mining tec...	The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation (CMEI) today selected four projects for $73 million in funding through DOE's Mine of the Future initiative to establish domestic testing grounds for innovative mining technologies. These selections will accelerate the commercializat...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/does-office-critical-minerals-and-energy-innovation-announces-73-million-advance-domestic	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/does-office-critical-minerals-and-energy-innovation-announces-73-million-advance-domestic	301	241
energy-e3b693ead01aad72	America appears to hold the view that the enduring strength of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is rooted in its foundational mission, which includes the verification of nuclear safeguards, the assurance of nuclear safety and security, and the provision of peaceful nuclear technology to Member States. Addi...	America believes the IAEA's enduring strength lies in its founding mission: verifying nuclear safeguards, ensuring nuclear safety and security, and delivering peaceful nuclear technology to Member States. Furthermore, we ask the Agency to prioritize operational efficiency, eliminate redundant programs, and ensure that ...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-secretary-energy-chris-wright-delivers-us-national-statement-general-conference-0	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-secretary-energy-chris-wright-delivers-us-national-statement-general-conference-0	171	121
energy-eb2f07bfcee4f4f9	U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright delivered the U.S. National Statement today at the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which is taking place in Vienna, Austria. It is worth noting that Secretary Wright expressed great honor in representing the United States of America at the 70th Gener...	U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright today delivered the U.S. National Statement at the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, Austria. VIENNA, AUSTRIA—U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright today delivered the U.S. National Statement at the General Conference of the Internation...	gpt-4o-mini	formal_polished	us-federal	https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-secretary-energy-chris-wright-delivers-us-national-statement-general-conference-0	Department of Energy	modern	https://www.energy.gov/articles/us-secretary-energy-chris-wright-delivers-us-national-statement-general-conference-0	368	290
fed-speeches-001ab061d7d5229c	In light of the recent data that may not provide a clear perspective on the economy, it is worth noting the insights offered by nontraditional data regarding the Federal Open Market Committee's dual economic objectives. In terms of price stability, survey data collected from businesses appears to indicate that price in...	So, in the context of hard data that has lately been providing a less-than-clear view of the economy, what are the nontraditional data telling me about meeting the FOMC's two economic objectives? On the price-stability side, survey data from businesses suggest that price increases are coming. These surveys report diffu...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20250605a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20250605a.htm	186	137
fed-speeches-007b1cf8f83d9c47	Additionally, it is worth noting that price increases within housing services represented the final component of inflation to experience escalation, reaching a peak twelve-month rate of 8.3 percent in April 2023 before moderating to a pace of 5.3 percent in July. This suggests that the escalation of housing prices occu...	Housing services price increases were the last component of inflation to escalate, rising to a peak 12-month rate of 8.3 percent in April 2023 and moderating to a 5.3 percent pace in July. It took time for housing prices to escalate and has taken longer for them to moderate because of both the nature of the rental mark...	deepseek-chat	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20240925a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20240925a.htm	272	223
fed-speeches-00968ccf09673ef3	It is important to note that my primary focus, along with that of my colleagues on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), centers on our dual-mandate objectives related to price stability and maximum employment. This year, I intend to continue working on the calibration of monetary policy to facilitate a sustainable...	My focus, and that of my colleagues on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), is on our dual-mandate goals of price stability and maximum employment. This year, I will continue to work on calibrating monetary policy to ensure inflation returns sustainably to our 2 percent target while maintaining a solid labor marke...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20250106a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20250106a.htm	349	281
fed-speeches-01e7fdb0dc747d4f	The discussion presented has addressed various statistics pertaining to the labor market, including the potential for utilizing data that examines the diversity among different demographic groups, which may provide valuable insights into the concept of u*. This highlights that distinct business cycles are influenced by...	My discussion has touched upon many different statistics of the labor market, including the possibility of using data that exploits the heterogeneity of different demographic groups, which I judge to be very informative about u*. The reason is that different business cycles are generated by different shocks that affect...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20250509a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20250509a.htm	314	289
fed-speeches-02114aa42f134913	It is worth noting that, when one considers the broader developments of the past several months, the labor market appears to be in a solid condition and does not seem to represent a significant source of inflationary pressure. Furthermore, while the downside risks associated with a rapidly weakening labor market appear...	Looking broadly across the past several months, I see a labor market that is in solid condition and not a source of significant inflationary pressure. While the downside risks of a rapidly weakening labor market appear to have lessened, I expect some further softening that could cause the unemployment rate to edge just...	deepseek-chat	formal_polished	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/jefferson20250204a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/jefferson20250204a.htm	267	225
fed-speeches-025486d5455ea638	It is important to evaluate the timing of monetary policy's impact on the macroeconomy. Contemporary economic literature employs a variety of statistical models to estimate the effects of what are referred to as monetary policy "shocks." These shocks represent movements in the policy rate that do not correlate with sys...	Timing Matters The first element to evaluate is the timing with which monetary policy affects the macroeconomy. The contemporary economics literature uses a variety of statistical models to estimate the effects of what are called monetary policy "shocks." Those are movements in the policy rate that are not explained by...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20250422a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20250422a.htm	266	263
fed-speeches-031eb1211d65f5d3	It is worth noting that the GENIUS Act payment stablecoins do not provide yield and lack federal deposit insurance, which diminishes the likelihood of widespread withdrawal of funds from the domestic banking system. Furthermore, the primary advantage of stablecoins lies in their ability to satisfy the unfulfilled forei...	However, because GENIUS Act payment stablecoins do not offer yield and are not backed by federal deposit insurance, I see little prospect of funds broadly fleeing the domestic banking system. The real opportunity in stablecoins is to satiate untapped foreign appetite for dollar assets from savers in jurisdictions where...	gpt-4o-mini	formal_polished	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/miran20251107a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/miran20251107a.htm	373	290
fed-speeches-03c01b6774f528e1	In considering the other aspect of our dual mandate, it is worth noting that inflation has experienced a significant slowdown from the peaks observed during the economic reopening following pandemic-related disruptions. Nevertheless, inflation continues to remain somewhat above the targeted rate of 2 percent, with tari...	Turning to the other side of our dual mandate, it remains notable that inflation has slowed considerably from the highs that occurred when the economy reopened after pandemic disruptions. Inflation, however, remains somewhat above our 2 percent target, and the tariffs that have been announced and implemented so far are...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/jefferson20250930a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/jefferson20250930a.htm	264	235
fed-speeches-0431a9d7a9890b5f	Firms have indicated that innovations focused on financial health may resonate well with customers and can potentially lead to increased revenue, reduced costs, and enhanced profitability of these services. This aspect is notably important, as the private sector is likely to offer these services only if they can be ope...	Firms indicate that financial health-oriented innovations are popular with customers and can potentially increase revenue, reduce costs, and increase profitability of these services, which is crucial, because these services will only be offered by the private sector if they can be operated profitably. Some early eviden...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20260520a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20260520a.htm	345	286
fed-speeches-0441bb7fcf37fac4	The relationship between the independence of central banks and the reduction of inflation, as well as the volatility associated with inflation, is, therefore, evident. However, the connection between central bank independence and accelerated economic growth remains less clear. On one hand, it is worth noting that the p...	The relationship between central bank independence and lower inflation and inflation volatility is therefore clear. But the connection to faster growth in economic activity is not. On the one hand, the primary reason for central bank independence in most countries with a single mandate is to provide price stability, so...	gpt-4o-mini	formal_polished	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20241114a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20241114a.htm	302	222
fed-speeches-048b970e5b765fcd	Additionally, it is worth noting that many individuals in the room may have already reviewed the most recent report that was released in November, but a brief summary of some key findings can often be helpful. Furthermore, households and businesses appear to be in good shape and can generally service their debt, which ...	I am sure many in the room have reviewed the most recent report released in November, but I will briefly summarize some key findings. Households and businesses appear to be in good shape and can service their debt, which is at manageable levels overall. In terms of financial-sector leverage, high levels of capital and ...	deepseek-chat	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20250106a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20250106a.htm	257	214
fed-speeches-0496e378c635843d	When the global pandemic emerged in the spring of 2020, economies around the world experienced shutdowns or significant restrictions on activity. This situation was particularly evident in sectors dependent on in-person services, including travel, dining at restaurants, and personal grooming establishments. Additionall...	When the global pandemic took hold in the spring of 2020, economies around the world shut down or sharply limited activity. This was especially true for in-person services, such as travel, dining out at restaurants, and trips to the barber shop or hair salon. I would like to turn your attention to the screen, where I w...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20250403a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20250403a.htm	246	236
fed-speeches-05dca4df50fdb47a	It is worth noting that one approach to understanding the factors influencing productivity involves comparing the United States with other OECD countries. Furthermore, although it has been a long-standing trend for productivity growth to occur at a faster rate in the U.S. than in other advanced economies, certain econo...	One way to try to understand some of the factors affecting productivity is to compare the United States to other OECD countries. While it is not particularly new for productivity to grow faster in the U.S. than in other advanced economies, some differences in our economies may have been particularly salient during and ...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20250108a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20250108a.htm	344	289
fed-speeches-06693c82c143d8ea	Additionally, banks may tend to modify their practices in ways that can increase overall risk within the financial system. It is important to recognize the potential risk that complete transparency regarding the models and scenarios utilized by regulators may inadvertently discourage banks from investing adequately in ...	Third, banks are likely to change their behavior in other ways that increase risk. We should be aware of the risk that full transparency into the models and scenarios used by regulators could discourage banks from investing in their own risk management if the test becomes too predictable. Full transparency may also enc...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20250220a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20250220a.htm	270	266
fed-speeches-0781308dcd388230	It is important to recognize that there may be a drag on productivity in the near term due to recent changes in trade policy and the associated uncertainty. This uncertainty appears to have the potential to diminish business investment moving forward, as firms currently lack clarity regarding the ultimate level, incide...	I expect to see a drag on productivity in the near term stemming from the recent changes to trade policy and the related uncertainty, for several reasons. First, uncertainty around trade policy is likely to reduce business investment going forward. At this time, firms do not know the ultimate level and incidence of tar...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20250509a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20250509a.htm	321	274
fed-speeches-0932d420e7526131	Additionally, it is worth noting that the implementation of these steps prior to the commencement of balance sheet reduction may mean that a considerable period of time will elapse before any such beginning can occur. Furthermore, based on my own experience with the manner in which government tends to navigate the Admi...	Implementing these steps before beginning to reduce the balance sheet means it will be some time before we can begin. Based on my experience with how government navigates the Administrative Procedure Act, this process is likely to take well over a year once the decision is taken to proceed. It could take several years....	deepseek-chat	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/miran20260326a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/miran20260326a.htm	218	137
fed-speeches-0a05008cb75c78c5	Until relatively recently, the significant technological disruption in the banking sector was primarily driven by financial technology companies, along with an influx of new lending options from nonbank entities. This year's survey conducted by the Conference of State Bank Supervisors indicated that there has been a re...	Until fairly recently, the big technological disruption in banking came from fintech and an onslaught of new lending from nonbanks. This year's CSBS survey reported the largest-ever increase in respondents who saw heightened competition from nonbank payment services firms. Larger banks are also competing with community...	gpt-4o-mini	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20251008a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20251008a.htm	347	250
fed-speeches-0bdb30cb5704ae0a	It is worth noting that I perceive this approach as having the potential to be implemented in various manners; however, for the sake of conciseness, I will emphasize those methods that I consider most likely to materialize. Furthermore, additional scenarios that place stress on bank balance sheets can serve as a pros...	I envision this approach being implemented in a number of ways, but for the purpose of brevity, I will highlight those I see as most likely to take shape. Additional scenarios that stress bank balance sheets can serve as a forward-looking tool for early identification of idiosyncratic and emerging risks. These are the...	gpt-4o-mini	formal_polished	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20260918a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20260918a.htm	308	256
fed-speeches-0eafb9a34b6b9970	The EGRPRA review process necessitates that federal banking agencies identify regulations that may be outdated, unnecessary, or excessively burdensome. Furthermore, this process involves the elimination of such regulations and the implementation of steps to address the regulatory burdens associated with those that are ...	The EGRPRA review process requires the federal banking agencies to identify any outdated, unnecessary, or overly burdensome regulations, eliminate unnecessary regulations, and take other steps to address the regulatory burdens associated with outdated or overly burdensome regulations. Prior iterations of the EGRPRA pro...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20250606a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20250606a.htm	318	268
fed-speeches-0f00a2b1547b9031	To begin, an examination of the labor market is warranted. The most recent jobs report indicated that the unemployment rate reached 4.2 percent in June. Notably, this rate is roughly consistent with the readings observed over the past year and aligns with what many economists consider to be the natural rate of unemploy...	Let's start with the labor market. The latest jobs report showed that the unemployment rate was 4.2 percent in June. That rate is roughly in line with the readings seen over the past year and consistent with what many economists believe is the natural rate of unemployment. The mostly steady unemployment rate suggests t...	deepseek-chat	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20260715a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20260715a.htm	311	283
fed-speeches-114a1483c996a1bf	Additionally, the second episode occurred in March of 2023, when stresses emerged within the United States banking system, stemming in part from the failures of Silicon Valley Bank and Credit Suisse, with the latter taking place during the weekend before our March FOMC meeting. Furthermore, there was a considerable deg...	The second episode was in March of 2023 when stresses emerged in the U.S. banking system, stemming in part from the failures of Silicon Valley Bank and Credit Suisse, with the latter occurring the weekend before our March FOMC meeting. There was great uncertainty as to whether these events would lead to financial insta...	deepseek-chat	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20250217a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20250217a.htm	186	157
fed-speeches-13173fde2e8339a5	When the charter for the Second Bank expired, the responsibility for clearing and settling banknotes and checks reverted to state-chartered banks. This transition led to the reemergence of many earlier inefficiencies. For instance, porters in New York City undertook the delivery of checks and exchanged them for gold or...	When the charter for the Second Bank lapsed, clearing and settlement of banknotes and checks fell back to state-chartered banks. Many of the earlier inefficiencies resurfaced. For example, porters in New York City would deliver checks and exchange them for gold or other coins and then transport that "specie" to the pay...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20241112a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20241112a.htm	332	270
fed-speeches-1444b22f45e797d4	In conclusion, it is worth noting my respect for community bankers who tend to confront uncertainty effectively, sorting through risks and opportunities while making decisions and investments that may enable community banks to maintain their vital roles for both customers and communities. Furthermore, there exists a co...	In closing, I'll note my admiration for community bankers who know how to confront uncertainty, to sort out the risks and the opportunities, and make the decisions and investments that have allowed community banks to continue to play the indispensable role you serve for your customers and communities. We all share an i...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20251008a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20251008a.htm	155	146
fed-speeches-19cd7553f9515603	Additionally, when the United States provides leadership in international forums such as Basel and subsequently follows through on those commitments, it sets a powerful example and establishes a standard that other jurisdictions also tend to uphold. Furthermore, implementing international standards enables U.S. firms t...	When the U.S. provides leadership in international forums like Basel and then follows through, we set a powerful example and establish a standard that other jurisdictions also uphold. Implementing international standards enables U.S. firms to compete on a level playing field across the globe and makes the system safer....	deepseek-chat	formal_polished	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20250220a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20250220a.htm	335	271
fed-speeches-1cf53c872ba55d82	More broadly, it is worth noting that the available evidence tends to suggest that AI adoption is so far leading to re-allocation within firms rather than to layoffs of workers. Furthermore, one paper finds that although AI does substitute for labor at the task level, the overall employment effects appear to be small, ...	More broadly, rather than laying off workers, there is evidence that AI adoption is so far leading to re-allocation within firms. One paper finds that although AI does substitute for labor at the task level, overall employment effects are small, as workers shift their time to complementary tasks and firms expand employ...	deepseek-chat	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20260217a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20260217a.htm	259	203
fed-speeches-1cfb14fb159591d0	At the same time, it is worth noting that GDP growth has experienced a notable slowdown in the first half of this year, reaching a rate of 1.2 percent, which is approximately half of the 2.5 percent rate observed in 2024. This decline in growth primarily reflects a reduction in consumer spending. Furthermore, similar t...	At the same time, GDP growth has slowed notably in the first half of this year to a pace of 1.2 percent, roughly half the 2.5 percent pace in 2024 (figure 3). The decline in growth has largely reflected a slowdown in consumer spending. As with the labor market, some of the slowing in GDP likely reflects slower growth o...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/powell20250822a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/powell20250822a.htm	330	290
fed-speeches-1d3abb274b4e830e	It is worth noting that, in shaping my economic outlook, I tend to consider a wide variety of government, administrative, and private-sector data, and this includes information collected by the Kansas City Fed and fellow Reserve Banks across the country. Additionally, casting a wide net for information on the economy c...	Economic Outlook In shaping my economic outlook, I consider a wide variety of government, administrative, and private-sector data, including data collected by the Kansas City Fed and fellow Reserve Banks across the country. Casting a wide net for information on the economy is especially important at this moment because...	deepseek-chat	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/jefferson20251117a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/jefferson20251117a.htm	353	283
fed-speeches-1d9d8e338333c89e	Around that time, I engaged with Alberto Alesina's paper on the topic of "partisan business cycles." In this influential work, Alesina posited that political parties possess varying preferences regarding inflation and unemployment. One political party, for instance, prioritized price stability while showing less concer...	It was around that time that I read Alberto Alesina's paper on "partisan business cycles."7 In that paper, he assumed there were different political parties, each having different preferences about inflation and unemployment. One party was more concerned with price stability and less concerned about output stability th...	gpt-4o-mini	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20250509a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20250509a.htm	295	263
fed-speeches-1f6c8da61a4fac07	It is widely acknowledged that cyber threats present significant risks to the banking system. Furthermore, it is important to understand that community banks may possess specific requirements when it comes to preventing, addressing, and responding to these cyber threats. Therefore, regulators should prioritize making a...	We know well that cyber threats pose real risks to the banking system. We also recognize that community banks may have unique needs in preventing, remediating, and responding to cyber threats. Therefore, regulators should ensure that a range of resources are available to support community banks and seek further opportu...	gpt-4o-mini	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20241011a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20241011a.htm	310	288
fed-speeches-1fba78ffe5dc74a8	To improve the model further, it would be useful to include additional explanatory variables that could better capture the overheating of the economy. In what follows, I include variables that might account for factors experienced in the most recent bout of inflation, such as a very tight labor market and supply chain ...	To improve the model further, it would be useful to include additional explanatory variables that could better capture the overheating of the economy. In what follows, I include variables that might account for factors experienced in the most recent bout of inflation, such as a very tight labor market and supply chain ...	deepseek-chat	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20250220a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/kugler20250220a.htm	421	421
fed-speeches-203913eee497d699	I feel a profound sense of honor in being invited to speak today regarding the significant legacy of George Shultz. It is important to clarify that my remarks will not encompass the present economic landscape or monetary policy. Additionally, my admiration for George Shultz has been longstanding, dating back to my col...	I am deeply honored to have been asked to speak here today about the remarkable legacy of George Shultz. Just to be clear, I will not address current economic conditions or monetary policy. I have been an admirer of George Shultz since my college years. I saw him then and now as a great role model, as I mentioned a fe...	gpt-4o-mini	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/powell20251201a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/powell20251201a.htm	310	296
fed-speeches-2052f223b505b2cc	It is worth noting that the current state of the U.S. economy appears to be stable, characterized by low and consistent unemployment rates. Additionally, disinflation has progressed gradually, although inconsistently, towards the target rate of 2 percent. It is important to recognize that low-income households may stru...	Let me spend just a moment on the U.S. economy and the outlook. The economy is currently on a sound footing, with low and steady unemployment, and disinflation having continued at a gradual, albeit uneven, pace toward our 2 percent target. Low-income households can ill afford increases in prices, and that's why it is s...	gpt-4o-mini	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20250626a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20250626a.htm	325	290
fed-speeches-2057899cec459215	It is worth noting that fintech companies and banks can often develop a mutually beneficial relationship through collaborative partnerships, where each entity may leverage its unique strengths. For instance, partnerships may take the form of banks making capital investments in fintechs that offer generative artificial ...	Alternatively, fintechs and banks may enter into a symbiotic relationship, forming collaborative partnerships where fintechs and banks merge their strengths. Examples of these partnerships may include banks purchasing or investing capital in fintechs with Gen AI products, or banks and fintechs entering into traditional...	gpt-4o-mini	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20250404a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/barr20250404a.htm	345	259
fed-speeches-20acde9ea4aafb24	One of the most difficult challenges on the regulatory front tends to be prioritization, both for banks managing their businesses and for regulators deciding how to fulfill their responsibilities. It is worth noting that, at a basic level, the role of regulators may be dictated by statute. Congress granted the Federal ...	Problem-Based Solutions One of the most difficult challenges on the regulatory front is prioritization, both for banks managing their businesses and for regulators deciding how to fulfill their responsibilities. At a basic level, the role of regulators is dictated by statute. Congress granted the Federal Reserve and ot...	deepseek-chat	hedged_helpful	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20250131a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20250131a.htm	296	263
fed-speeches-20b663039a0c7b26	Additionally, in the absence of the September employment report, reliance on alternative data sources becomes necessary in order to gain a sense of what occurred last month. Furthermore, alternative labor market data for September present a mixed picture regarding the direction in which conditions appear to be evolving...	With the absence of the September employment report, we must rely on other data for a sense of what happened last month. Alternative labor market data for September present a mixed picture of how things are evolving. Private-sector employment tracked by the payroll services firm ADP points to continued slowing in job c...	deepseek-chat	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20251016a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/waller20251016a.htm	287	230
fed-speeches-2139e0f852ca1288	Additionally, it is important to consider the relationship between tokenized assets and traditional markets. The incorporation of tokenized assets for purposes such as collateral, liquidity access, and reserve assets may broaden the channels through which shocks are transmitted within the digital asset ecosystem and in...	Second, consider the nexus between tokenized assets and traditional markets. The use of tokenized assets as collateral, as an instrument to access liquidity, and as a reserve asset expands the channels of shock transmissions within the digital asset ecosystem and to the traditional financial system. Likewise, interconn...	gpt-4o-mini	explanatory	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20260508a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/cook20260508a.htm	268	241
fed-speeches-21c12e6b38237991	A prevalent method for evaluating the impact of regulations involves tallying the number of pages associated with new regulations; however, this method does not adequately consider the disparities in economic significance among different pages. Furthermore, another method involves quantifying the number of work hours n...	A common approach to quantifying the effects of regulations is to count the number of pages of new regulations, though this does not account for varying economic significance across pages. Another approach is to count the number of work hours required to comply, as reported under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA). Howe...	gpt-4o-mini	corporate_clean	us-federal	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/miran20260114a.htm	Federal Reserve	modern	https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/miran20260114a.htm	327	264

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

GoHumanize Open Humanizer Dataset

2,629 training pairs and 254 test pairs for teaching a language model to rewrite AI-styled English prose into natural human writing. Each pair is:

input: a passage rewritten by a large language model in the register typical of LLM output (formal, smooth, hedged, connective phrases, no contractions);
output: the original human-written passage, from a public-domain book or, since version 2, from a US federal government publication.

The human side is the target. A model trained on this data learns the reverse direction: from AI-styled prose back to the human original.

Built for the GoHumanize Open Humanizer, an educational open model. It is separate from the production systems of GoHumanize.ai and makes no claim about AI detectors.

Sources and licence

All human text is in the public domain in the United States.

Books (2,000 train, 200 test): Project Gutenberg books that are English-language originals published before 1929. Translations were excluded on purpose (a translation can carry a newer copyright than the original work). Project Gutenberg boilerplate, footnote markers, illustration tags and typographic artefacts were stripped.
Modern prose (629 train, 54 test), added in version 2: news releases, features and speeches from three US federal agencies. Works of the US federal government are not subject to copyright in the United States (17 U.S.C. 105).

Agency	Train rows
Federal Reserve	350
National Institute of Standards and Technology	268
Department of Energy	11

Passages are groups of consecutive paragraphs of 80 to 300 words.

The AI-styled inputs were generated by two models from different labs, with four rotating style prompts. For the modern passages a stricter instruction was used, which keeps every fact, name and number but forbids keeping the sentence structure: with the original instruction, AI-styled versions of modern factual text came back so close to the original that the pairs taught the model to leave modern text unchanged (see the write-up, section 6).

Generator	Train rows	Test rows
gpt-4o-mini	1783	204
deepseek-chat	846	50

Dataset licence: CC-BY 4.0. Please cite as:

GoHumanize team (2026). GoHumanize Open Humanizer Dataset. Part of: GoHumanize team (2026). GoHumanize Open Humanizer: an open text-humanization model, dataset and pipeline built from public-domain data. Version 0.4.0. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22843083

Links

Resource	Link
Project page and browser demo	gohumanize.ai/open-model
GoHumanize (the product this research comes from)	gohumanize.ai
Model weights and GGUF builds	huggingface.co/gohumanize/gohumanize-open-humanizer
Dataset, 2,883 pairs (CC-BY 4.0)	huggingface.co/datasets/gohumanize/gohumanize-open-humanizer-dataset
Dataset on Kaggle	kaggle.com/datasets/gohumanize/gohumanize-open-humanizer-dataset
Code and full pipeline	github.com/GoHumanize-ai/gohumanize-open-humanizer
Write-up: every step, service and result	docs/paper.md
Archived release, citable DOI	10.5281/zenodo.22843083
Python client and CLI	pypi.org/project/gohumanize-open-humanizer
MCP server for AI assistants	npm · source
Training runs, loss curves and config	Weights & Biases

Statistics

	Train	Test
Rows	2629	254
Book passages (fiction / non-fiction)	2000 (1468 / 532)	200 (142 / 58)
Modern passages	629	54
Books / articles	47 / 332	47 / 30
Avg. input words	184.3	181.1
Avg. output words	170.5	168.3

At most 46 passages per book in training, so no single author dominates. The book test passages come from the same books; they measure the transformation, not generalisation to unseen authors. The modern test passages come from 30 articles that never appear in training, so no test article has sibling passages the model has seen.

Fields

id, input, output, generator, style, source (gutenberg or us-federal), gutenberg_id, title, author, category (fiction, nonfiction or modern), url, input_words, output_words. For modern rows gutenberg_id is 0, title and url are the article's address and author is the agency.

Books

Gutenberg ID	Title	Author	Category	Train rows
1080	A Modest Proposal	Jonathan Swift	nonfiction	16
244	A Study in Scarlet	Arthur Conan Doyle	fiction	45
98	A Tale of Two Cities	Charles Dickens	fiction	45
76	Adventures of Huckleberry Finn	Mark Twain	fiction	42
11	Alice's Adventures in Wonderland	Lewis Carroll	fiction	44
45	Anne of Green Gables	L. M. Montgomery	fiction	37
20203	Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin	Benjamin Franklin	nonfiction	43
271	Black Beauty	Anna Sewell	fiction	40
147	Common Sense	Thomas Paine	nonfiction	43
345	Dracula	Bram Stoker	fiction	42
2814	Dubliners	James Joyce	fiction	43
158	Emma	Jane Austen	fiction	44
16643	Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson	Ralph Waldo Emerson	nonfiction	44
84	Frankenstein	Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley	fiction	44
1400	Great Expectations	Charles Dickens	fiction	46
219	Heart of Darkness	Joseph Conrad	fiction	43
1260	Jane Eyre	Charlotte Bronte	fiction	45
3207	Leviathan	Thomas Hobbes	nonfiction	43
514	Little Women	Louisa May Alcott	fiction	44
145	Middlemarch	George Eliot	fiction	45
2701	Moby Dick; Or, The Whale	Herman Melville	fiction	43
23	Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave	Frederick Douglass	nonfiction	43
730	Oliver Twist	Charles Dickens	fiction	45
34901	On Liberty	John Stuart Mill	nonfiction	43
1228	On the Origin of Species	Charles Darwin	nonfiction	40
16	Peter Pan	J. M. Barrie	fiction	45
1342	Pride and Prejudice	Jane Austen	fiction	41
1661	The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes	Arthur Conan Doyle	fiction	40
74	The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Complete	Mark Twain	fiction	46
541	The Age of Innocence	Edith Wharton	fiction	46
1404	The Federalist Papers	Alexander Hamilton	nonfiction	43
2775	The Good Soldier	Ford Madox Ford	fiction	45
64317	The Great Gatsby	F. Scott Fitzgerald	fiction	38
174	The Picture of Dorian Gray	Oscar Wilde	fiction	45
5827	The Problems of Philosophy	Bertrand Russell	nonfiction	44
25344	The Scarlet Letter	Nathaniel Hawthorne	fiction	41
113	The Secret Garden	Frances Hodgson Burnett	fiction	44
408	The Souls of Black Folk	W. E. B. Du Bois	nonfiction	44
35	The Time Machine	H. G. Wells	fiction	46
36	The War of the Worlds	H. G. Wells	fiction	41
3300	The Wealth of Nations	Adam Smith	nonfiction	44
55	The Wonderful Wizard of Oz	L. Frank Baum	fiction	42
1952	The Yellow Wallpaper	Charlotte Perkins Gilman	fiction	44
43	The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde	Robert Louis Stevenson	fiction	42
120	Treasure Island	Robert Louis Stevenson	fiction	43
205	Walden	Henry David Thoreau	nonfiction	42
768	Wuthering Heights	Emily Brontë	fiction	42

How it was built

The full pipeline (sourcing, cleaning, selection, AI-fication, this card) is in https://github.com/GoHumanize-ai/gohumanize-open-humanizer under pipeline/. The write-up explaining every step is in docs/paper.md there.

Known limitations

Three quarters of the human prose is old (pre-1929) and the rest is government writing, so the "human" style skews literary on one side and official on the other. Casual modern writing is not represented.
The agency sites change daily; re-running the collection gets different articles. This dataset is the fixed record of the articles used.
English only. Passages are 80 to 300 words; longer documents are out of scope.
The AI side reflects three specific generators and four prompts, not all AI writing.

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