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The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
J Med Radiat Sci 65 (2018) 275--281
Introduction {#jmrs290-sec-0005}
============
There is a growing interest globally in making sure that graduates emerge from higher education with the capabilities and competencies that will equip them not only to be 'work ready' on graduation but also prepared for the development ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-jcm-08-02039}
===============
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients \[[@B1-jcm-08-02039]\]. The American Society of Hematology and American College of Chest Physicians guidelines recommend low-molecular-weight hepa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
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Bonding of composite resin to dentin has always been a challenge for the clinicians. Although there is an improvement in handling and bonding characteristics of the newer dental materials,\[[@ref1][@ref2]\] the collagen structure and stability of the dentin bond strength are still a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder in which polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS) leads to decreased deformability of the normally flexible erythrocytes. These rigid sickle-shaped red blood cells (RBC) can occlude the microvasculature leading to the sudden onset ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
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Upper track urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is less common than bladder urothelial carcinoma and accounts for 5--10% of all urothelial carcinoma.^[@b1]^ The incidence of ureteral urothelial carcinoma (UUC) is approximately half that of pyelocaliceal urothelial carcinoma.^[@b2]^ UUC has a wo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Despite significant improvements in outcome,([@R1]--[@R3]) relapse remains the leading cause of treatment failure for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and occurred in 11 to 36% of those with high-risk B-precursor ALL.([@R4]--[@R10]) Mechanisms by which genomic variation ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
The rotator cuff tear is the most common tendinopathy in humans and over 200,000 cuff repairs are performed annually in the United States \[[1](#CIT0001),[2](#CIT0002)\]. The decreased morbidity associated with arthroscopic repairs has contributed to the popularity and broad indicati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-membranes-08-00069}
===============
Polymer electrolytes are regarded as one of the most promising candidates in advanced electrochemical applications, such as "smart" windows, displays, sensors, and more importantly, rechargeable lithium batteries \[[@B1-membranes-08-00069],[@B2-membranes-08-00... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) incorporates a cluster of clinical features including shortness of breath and tachypnea and is defined by the Berlin criteria as having an acute onset with the development of hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary opacities on radiographic i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Historically pulmonary emphysema was described in 1834 by Laennec on the basis of observations made on the cut surface of postmortem human lungs being the lesion attributed to the atrophy of lung tissue from pulmonary hyperinflation.^([@B1])^ Hence, emphysema was redefined as a "abnormal and permanent dilation of dista... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-jintelligence-05-00001}
===============
Generally, Black people, White people, and East Asian people have different average IQs, but the specific reasons for this remain controversial. Of various bodies of evidence, one has been nominated as "one of the most powerful" for explaining these racial... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data can be found at the following URL: <https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4640092.v1>.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Length-weight relationships (LWR) are used for estimating the weight corresponding to a given length \[[@pone.0171811.ref001]\]. As most observations in fisheries surveys are typi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#SEC1}
============
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and microarray technologies uncovered thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) encoded in the human genome ([@B1],[@B2]). The majority of those lncRNAs are transcribed and processed in a similar manner to mRNAs, however, lack protein-coding potentia... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease characterized by destruction of the articular cartilage due to genetic, mechanical and environmental components [@pone.0003740-Spector1], affecting more than 20 million people in the US [@pone.0003740-Lawrence1]. Despite its high prevalence the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly prevalent condition that is characterised by repetitive upper airway obstructions resulting in intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation caused by arousals \[[@ref1]\]. Among adults, 30--70 years of age, approximately 13% of men an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Recent times have seen higher demand for sustainable and green products reproduced from waste materials^[@CR1]^. In particular, this has called for more research and development endeavors to recycle waste materials into biodegradable products with low environmental impacts^[@CR2]^. Th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Caridean shrimps (infraorder Caridea) belonging to the genus *Lysmata*, Risso 1816, are heavily targeted in the marine ornamental trade ([@ref-20]; [@ref-8]; [@ref-36]) and have experienced increases in market demand ([@ref-35]). Many marine ornamentals provide needed ecosystem services in ho... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
"I soon noticed that many cases of congenital hypoplasia of the mandible occurred and that the organovegetative and psychic life of the infants was more disturbed when the hypoplasia was more pronounced. I have never seen babies live for more than sixteen or eighteen months who presented hypoplasia such that the lower ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nanomaterials-10-00919}
===============
Biological apatite (non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite) (BAp) is the main inorganic constituent in human bones and teeth \[[@B1-nanomaterials-10-00919]\]. Pure hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca~10~(PO~4~)~6~(OH)~2~) has inorganic components of Ca and P ions; however,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section1-0963689719854363}
============
Urethral strictures represent a pathologic narrowing of the urethral lumen. This pathology affects mainly men and is manifested by lower urinary tract symptoms: poor stream, hesitancy, terminal dribbling, incomplete voiding, etc^[@bibr1-0963689719854363]^. Female ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Deep resources such as oil, gas, and solid mineral have drawn more interest. Generally, the deeper drill is characterized by higher pressure and temperature, which make the drilling and borehole stability harder \[[@B1]--[@B7]\]. However, in Mexico Bay, North Sea Basin, Sichuan ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Based on the current trends in fossil energy production and use, deforestation, and population growth, it is expected that the increase of global mean surface temperatures for 2081--2100 relative to 1986--2005 is projected to be in the ranges of 0.3 to 1.7°C (RCP2.6), 1.1 to 2.6°C (RCP4... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Kuntz‐Melcavage KL, Gahagan KDC, Fracasso MR, Marsteller JA. Enhancing knowledge of authorization requests through registry development. Learn Health Sys. 2018;2:e10050 10.1002/lrh2.10050
All authors are employed by Johns Hopkins HealthCare LLC, which is the company that funded this study.
1. INTRODUCTION {#lrh210050... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi:10.1111/hae.14070
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Globally, the incidence rate of malaria has decreased from 72 to 59 cases *per* 1,000 at risk inhabitants between 2010 and 2017, a 18% reduction^[@B1]^ . An estimated 219 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide in 2017 compared to 239 million cases in 2010. However, the estimates for 2015... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
*Histoplasma capsulatum* (*H. capsulatum*) is a dimorphic fungus, which is endemic to North America (Central United States; Ohio-Mississippi valley) and Latin America \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. It is associated with exposure to bat caves and avian droppings \[[@B4], [@B5]\].*H. Capsulatu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
One key characteristic of fast-growing solid tumors is the development of intratumoral hypoxia, which promotes malignant tumor progression. Cancer cell migration and invasion play important roles in the metastatic cascade. Cell migration is the transition process from the local, noninvasive c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia was reported on March 2, 2020.[@bib1] Since then, the number of people who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 has grown exponentially, a pattern that can usually be observed in an uninhibited outbreak.[@bib2] ^,^ [@bib3] Some experts have stated that the numb... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic and disinfectant used against a broad of bacteria, viruses and fungi \[[@B1]\]. Since its introduction in 1954, it is used in the hospital settings for medical and surgical products and widely in over-the-counter products \[[@B1][@B2]\]. Many health professional... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s0005}
============
*Pseudomonas* is a diverse genus known for their ubiquity in the environment and production of secondary metabolites [@bb0005]. Some pseudomonad strains are well-suited to be biocontrol agents [@bb0010], producing a wide range of bioactive metabolites. The general antibiotics produce... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Full text
=========
Progesterone is critical in mammary gland development. Breast cancer evolves from normal tissue through increasingly abnormal cellular changes that include increased expression of progesterone receptor (PR), and PR is an established marker of response to endocrine therapy. PR is expressed as two pr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
By the end of 2018, nearly 8000 complete tailed phage genomes were published online and a further 22,000 partial genomes were stored in databases gathered under the umbrella of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration ([@B34]; [@B49]). The classification of this massive group is the formal responsib... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction
================
Methionine is an essential amino acid for animals and is involved in numerous metabolic processes \[[@b1-sensors-10-03562]--[@b4-sensors-10-03562]\]. In addition to being a building block in protein synthesis, methionine, after being transformed into S-adenosylmethionine, serves as a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
An ecological trap arises when an artificial habitat is introduced into a natural environment, attracts animals to its vicinity and the subsequent association leads to negative ecological consequences for the animal [@pone.0015646-Battin1]. Animals may prefer an artificial habitat over ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
1. Introduction
===============
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an incurable autoimmune disease that destroys the pancreas's ability to naturally produce insulin, a hormone necessary for the absorption and storage of glucose. Failure to adequately monitor and manage blood glucose and insulin levels can lead to major vascular... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
According to the commentary on the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid tumors, follicular lymphoma *in situ* (FLIS) refers to lymph nodes with a background of hyperplastic germinal centres harbouring distinct areas with Bcl-2 overexpression in centroblasts and centrocytes \[[@B1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) were the main treatment method used in ancient times by the Chinese to combat disease. As early as the Qin and Han Dynasty (around 221 BCE to 220 CE), *Sheng Nong\'s Herbal Classic* recorded 365 medicines. By the time of the Ming Dynasty (1368--1644), the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Takeuchi H, Savitzky AH, Ding L, et al. Evolution of nuchal glands, unusual defensive organs of Asian natricine snakes (Serpentes: Colubridae), inferred from a molecular phylogeny. Ecol Evol. 2018;8:10219--10232. 10.1002/ece3.4497
1. INTRODUCTION {#ece34497-sec-0001}
===============
In the 20th Century, many biologis... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction {#sec1}
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In cardiac anesthesia BIS monitoring is increasingly used to monitor anesthesia depth as well monitoring cerebral ischemia, which may be particularly important during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) \[[@B1], [@B2]\] and cardiopulmonary resuscitation \[[@B3], [@B4]\]. We describe a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
In manufacturing industries, industry 4.0 and digital transformation are interrelated fields that both motivate the development of digital twins. *Industry 4.0* is a concept attracting much research and development over the last decade, including reference models \[[@CR1]\], applicati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The concept of the autonomy of a child in the context of healthcare is both complex and challenging globally. In South Africa the controversy surrounding children and autonomy has come into sharp focus since the promulgation of the Children's Act 38 of 2005 (hereinafter referred to as "th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
For addressing the question of cardiovascular importance of hypoglycemia, it is important to clarify its context. First, hypoglycemia is a result of treatment of hyperglycemia by oral insulin secretagogues or insulin. Chronic hyperglycemia usually expressed by HbA~1c~ level is considered a risk factor for cardiovascula... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
As the longest and most architecturally complex cells in the body, neurons face the unique challenge of regulating membrane and protein levels in distal compartments. Neurons have highly elaborate dendritic arbors. These dendrites possess synapses, points of contact where electrochemica... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
(To access the full article, please see PDF)
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Low temperature is a major constraint on the growth, geographical distribution, and yield of some plants. Cold resistance of many plants\[[@pone.0188514.ref001]--[@pone.0188514.ref004]\], e.g. *Eucalyptus ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Pes cavus is an increase of normal plantar concavity, where the anterior and posterior weight-bearing areas of the foot are brought closer together. A wide spectrum of foot deformities includes a plantarflexed first ray, forefoot pronation and adduction, and hindfoot varus or high calcaneal pitch.^[@bibr1-2058-5241.2.1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For the triclinic polymorph of the title compound, see: Chekhlov (2007[@bb3]).
Experimental {#sec2}
============
{#sec2.1}
### Crystal data {#sec2.1.1}
H~3~O^+^·ClO~4~ ^−^·C~20~H~24~O~6~*M* *~r~* = 478.9Monoclinic,*a* = 8.6586 (1) Å*b* = 26.7718 (3) Å*c* = 19.1518 (2)... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#S1}
===============
Congenital coronary artery anomalies are defined as a coronary pattern that is found in less than 1% of the general population, with a prevalence ranging from 0.3%−5.6% \[[@R1]\]. In few types of the anomalies, there is an association with sudden death and premature coronary disea... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The epidemic of diabetes is worsening. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that over 23 million Americans suffer from diabetes, with an incidence of over 1.4 million new cases of diabetes every year.[@b1-vhrm-5-225] As the prevalence of diabetes increases, there is greater concern for t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
A hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in *chromosome 9 open reading frame 72* (*C9orf72*) is the most common known genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of corticospinal, brainstem and spinal ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .457}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are widely used for biomedical applications, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), separation of biomolecules, and targeted drug and gene delivery \[[@CR1]--[@C... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
(Current Biology *24*, 2018--2024; September 8, 2014)
A reader has brought to our attention a labeling error in Figure 2 of this manuscript as originally published online and in print: the two arrows pointing upward under panels D4 and D5 should have been labeled "touch." This error has now been corrected in Figure 2 ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nanomaterials-08-00083}
===============
Cancer is one of the serious concerns around the world and it is one of the main causes of death worldwide \[[@B1-nanomaterials-08-00083]\]. In a press release by the World Health Organization in 2014, it was reported that cancer accounted for 8.2 million ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Fusarium wilt of *Arabidopsis thaliana* is an ideal pathosystem for mapping, identifying and characterizing genes responsible for host resistance to vascular wilt fungi. *A. thaliana*, which is the preeminent subject of plant molecular genetic and genomic studies, is susceptible to infection by t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Description
===========
****The *daf-2* gene encodes an insulin-like growth factor/IGF-1 receptor that regulates *C. elegans* embryonic and larval development. It has previously been shown that DAF-2 inhibits neurite regeneration of the GABAergic motor neurons and PVD sensory neurons in an age-dependent fashion (Bryn... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper, and a statement to this effect has been included in the final paragraph of the methods section.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been a longstanding problem in the United States military. Prior to the discovery of antibiotics, thes... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
High cumulative doses of anthracyclines (300--500 mg/m^2^) are frequently administered to children with cancer. Cardiac toxicity is a serious adverse effect that limits the therapeutic potential of anthracyclines and threatens the cardiac function of pediatric cancer patients le... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Pathogenic response to viral infection varies dramatically between individuals infected with the same viral strain and dose, and much of this variation is heritable. The impact of host genetics is evident both on the primary exposure to a virus during early life ([@bib82]) and upon infection with newly emerging viral s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Bacterial Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
==================================================
Aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics (Box [1](#BX1){ref-type="boxed-text"}) have not been an exception to the fact that after their introduction in clinical practice, resistance has been recorded ([@B85]). In fact, the thr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
It is commonly accepted that in order for a neuronal population to encode the value of a quantity x, it must contain cells tuned to a range of values of x. Thus for example the retina can encode information about the wavelength of light because it contains three different types of cones... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Tumor angiogenesis, that is, the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, plays an essential role in tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis \[[@B1-molecules-17-06854],[@B2-molecules-17-06854]\]. It is estimated that angiogenesis in tumors contributes to more than 90%... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Cocaine abuse is relatively common in our society. Recently, the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) has reported that seventy percent (70%) of cocaine seized at United States (US) borders has been adulterated with levamisole \[[@B1]\]. This agent, which is an antihelminthic and chemo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
ANNOUNCEMENT {#s1}
============
The ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum is the main pathogen causing *Fusarium* head blight (FHB), an important cereal disease worldwide ([@B1]). The F. graminearum genome from a South American strain was not previously available. Here, we report an annotated assembly for strain CML3... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Diabetes is a chronic disease that is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality which can be attributed to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease \[[@CR1]\]. It is estimated that type II diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease even after adjustment of other car... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is death of an infant that is neither attributable to medical history nor explained after autopsy or by death scene investigation. SIDS is the leading cause of death in the first year of life after the neonatal period and is currently responsible for 0.53 d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
One of the remarkable features of the Integer Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) is the impressive precision of the quantization of the plateaus observed in the experiments. While the experimental samples have a very complex microscopic structure, depending on a huge number of non-universal de... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Understanding the endogenous pathways that regulate inflammatory responses is of critical importance for the development of novel therapies for chronic inflammatory disease. Recent approaches for the treatment of inflammatory diseases have focussed around blocking specific inflammatory ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
*Gynura* genus belongs to the family Asteraceae, consisting of 12 species in China.\[[@CIT1]\] Many species are edible medicinal plants and the leaves are also used as a vegetable by the locals in Southwestern China.\[[@CIT2]\] *G. divaricata* is a traditional Chinese medicinal plan... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
*Toxoplasma gondii* can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, including mammals and birds \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. Genetic diversity of*T. gondii* is widespread due to the biological and epidemiological diversity of this parasite.*T. gondii* isolates can be clustered into six major clad... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Amandita FY, Rembold K, Vornam B, et al. DNA barcoding of flowering plants in Sumatra, Indonesia. Ecol Evol. 2019;9:1858--1868. 10.1002/ece3.4875
1. INTRODUCTION {#ece34875-sec-0001}
===============
DNA barcoding is a species identification method, using a short, standardized DNA region, so‐called DNA barcode (Hebert... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In many physiological processes, cells migrate by moving through narrow channels defined by the surrounding environment. One example is cancer metastasis, where a cancer cell squeezes through the endothelium to reach the blood stream and eventually forms a secondary tumor elsewhere in the body[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4]. Over... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
The prevalence of endometriosis in women during reproductive life is about 10%--15% \[[@bib0005]\]. It can affect not only peritoneum and ovary but also bowel, urinary tract, pericardium and lungs. Gastrointestinal localizations most commonly occur in the rectosigmoid. Coloni... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The relationships between different anatomical measurements are a fundamental aspect of human physiology, as has been elegantly depicted by Leonardo da Vinci in his seminal work 'The Vitruvian Man' (da Vinci [@CR12]; Vitruvius [@CR46]). This work shows these relationships are highly c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Thirty-five percent of adults in the United States and United Kingdom have chronic lower limb superficial venous disease. [@JR1900086oa-1] Varicose veins are more common in females, with a predilection toward the older age group and may run in families. A body mass index \>30 kg/m ^2^ is a risk factor for chronic venou... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The petri dish and test tube methods are the two sub types of microbiological inhibition methods. Compared to petri dish methods, the test tube methods are more suitable for high-throughput screening of antimicrobial drugs residues in animal food because it is neither time consuming nor labor... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Erratum to: Mol Genet Genomics DOI 10.1007/s00438-009-0432-z {#Sec1}
============================================================
The Author would like to correct their names in the Author group. Instead of abbreviated form the names should change as:
Geetha Govind, Vokkaliga ThammeGowda Harshavardhan, Jayaker Kalaia... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a member of the chelonianin class of serine protease inhibitors, and is predominantly expressed in secretory epithelial cells of mucosal surfaces, immune cells and has been identified in various tissues \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Among serine proteinase inhi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In the 1950s, Barbara McClintock first discovered transposable elements (TEs) by analyzing genetic stocks of corn that were phenotypically unstable. Her discovery implied that a genetic control exerted by genomes was generally used to regulate TE mobilization. Any loss or decrease of this control would consequently res... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are a group of highly conserved proteins with major physiological roles in protein homeostasis \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. In most cell types even prior to stress Hsps constitute 1%-2% of total protein, suggesting an important role for these proteins in the ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures occurring in childhood and a substantial proportion of these patients will develop malunions initially. Fortunately, malunions in children often show a tremendous remodeling potential and initial treatment can usually be restricted... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Cryptic polyadenylation within coding sequences (CDS) or incompletely removed introns produce aberrant transcripts that lack in-frame stop codons[@b1]. Translation of such mRNAs may result in proteins prone to malfunction and deleterious effects on cells[@b2][@b3][@b4]. To mitigate these errors, cells have developed qu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are either superficial or deep and may involve the organs, or spaces accessed during an operation. The reported incidence of SSIs in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery ranges between 0.3% and 8%.\[[@ref1]\]
There is a strong suggestion th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
In contrast to mammals, lampreys show spontaneous and successful functional recovery after a complete spinal cord injury (SCI) and this is in part due to their impressive ability for axonal regeneration^[@CR1]--[@CR8]^. But, even in lampreys, not all descending neurons of the brain ar... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Almost one century ago D'Arcy Thomson proposed that the spatiotemporal alterations in tissue mechanics inevitably alter its mechanoenvironemtal properties. These local biphasic mechanical properties, such as stiffness and fluidity, determine the system response to generated forces. Th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Articular cartilage is a highly specialised connective tissue in joints. Its main function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to take up and distribute high loads. Its remarkable dimensional stability and mechanical properties are due to the composition of i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
A number of individuals are struggling with the category of low-quality-status medically unexplained symptoms (MUSs)[@b1] and the morbidity rate is 1.6--70%, 2.4--87% and 4.6--18% in young, middle aged and elderly populations dividually from 1966 according to the investigation of MUSs[@b2]. Meanwhile, MUSs has been def... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .830}
{#sp2 .831}
{#sp3 .832}
{#sp4 .833}
{#sp5 .834}
{#sp6 .835}
{#sp7 .836}
{#sp8 .837}
... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
The treatment choice for patients with gastric cancer is radical gastrectomy with esophagojejunal anastomosis and lymphadenectomy when involves to upper body or cardia of the stomach. Anastomotic leaks are life-threatening complications that can increase postoperative mortality. In total gast... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-jof-05-00074}
===============
Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley Fever, is caused by the soil-dwelling fungi *Coccidioides immitis* and *C. posadasii*. As is common for fungi that infect humans and animals, species of *Coccidioides* are dimorphic in terms of their life cycle, growing s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy in the developing world ([@R1]*,*[@R2]). The disease occurs when larvae of the pork tapeworm, *Taenia solium*, encyst in the human brain; this process causes a broad range of neurologic signs and symptoms, including seizures, headache, obstructive hydrocephalus... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most lethal type in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the world. Over the past decades, the incidence rate of OSCC has increased among younger... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The African pygmy hedgehog (*Atelerix albiventris*) has become a very popular pet in Poland in the last few years. It is smaller than the European hedgehog and is a member of the insectivore family *Erinaceidae*, subfamily *Erinaceinae*. African pygmy hedgehogs are domesticated animals an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Core tip:** Analytical performance of the serum creatinine assays is the critical determinant of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) accuracy. The most widely used compensated Jaffé creatinine assay suffers from a non-specific bias from pseudo-creatinine chromogens (glucose, ketones), which is not the case wi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The organ size is controlled through changes in rates of cell growth and division[@b1][@b2]. The underlying mechanisms of organ size control, such as Insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) and Target of Rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signaling pathways, have been intensively investigated by using proliferating and morphologically si... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Letter:
Since the initial report of infection with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, the number of confirmed COVI-19 cases has exceeded 1.6 million globally.[@bib1] Without a vaccine in sight and given the success of social distancing, we expect the outbreak to last longer than originally proje... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Heart failure is an ever-growing disease with a growing number of patients in end-stage disease, requiring heart transplantation. However, there is a shortage of organs available to replace failing hearts in these patients. Organs from other species, such as swine, have been proposed ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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